1. Ch. 2. THERMODYNAMICS FOR AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY 2-1. Definitions - A review of undergraduate level thermodynamics 2-1. Definitions - A review of undergraduate level thermodynamics Systems: Open, Closed, Isolated, (Adiabatic) Systems: Open, Closed, Isolated, (Adiabatic) Paramters: extensive, intensive Paramters: extensive, intensive Functions: Path dependent & Independent (static) Functions: Path dependent & Independent (static) Phases, components, degree of freedom Phases, components, degree of freedom Gibbs phase rule Gibbs phase rule F=C-P+2=C’-P+2-R (C’; no of species, R; no. of rxn) F=C-P+2=C’-P+2-R (C’; no of species, R; no. of rxn) 2-1

2. Ch. 2. 2-1. 2-1. Reactions: Reactions: Homogeneous vs heterogeneous (rxn) Homogeneous vs heterogeneous (rxn) Reversible vs irreversible rxns Reversible vs irreversible rxns Congruent vs incongruent rxns Congruent vs incongruent rxns Internal energy (U) Internal energy (U) Entropy (S) Entropy (S) Enthalpy (H) Enthalpy (H) Gibbs free energy (G) Gibbs free energy (G) Chemical potential (m) Chemical potential (m) 2-2

3. Ch. 2. 2-1. 2-1. Fist Law Fist Law Second Law Second Law Third Law Third Law State of a system: Evolutionary (disequilibrium), steady, & equilibrium State of a system: Evolutionary (disequilibrium), steady, & equilibrium How do you determine evolution direction?: spontaneity problem How do you determine evolution direction?: spontaneity problem What is the qualitative meaning of U, S, H?? What is the qualitative meaning of U, S, H?? 2-3

4. Ch. 2. 2-2. Equilibrium constant K 2-2. Equilibrium constant K For a reaction For a reaction aA + bB = cC + dD DG r = total G of prod. – total G of reactants = Sn i G i = cG C + dG D – aG A – bG B = Sn i G i = cG C + dG D – aG A – bG B = DG r o + RT ln {[C] c [D] d /[A] a [B] b } = DG r o + RT ln {[C] c [D] d /[A] a [B] b } When equil., ln K = - DG r o /RT (Read the text from p.10 to 19 for the solution models) 2-5

5. Ch. 2. 2-2. 2-2. Effects of T-P changes on K Effects of T-P changes on K (Read text from p.19 to 32) Compare this with the T-P dependency calculation of Gibbs free energy than converting it to K 2-6

6. Ch. 2. 2-2. 2-2. Check the following terms Check the following terms Concentrations Concentrations Solutions Solutions Mathematical expressons of activity quotuent (Q) Mathematical expressons of activity quotuent (Q) Internal consistency of a dataset Internal consistency of a dataset 2-7

7. Ch. 2. 2-2. 2-2. Assignments Assignments P. 34 problems 1, 2 and 5 P. 34 problems 1, 2 and 5 P. 35 problems 8 P. 35 problems 8 2-8