1. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123

2. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Expected Course Outcome #Course OutcomeCoverage 1Explain the concepts that underlie modern computer architecture, its evolution, functions and organization.  2Identify the best organization of a computer for achieving the best performance when asked to make a selection from the current market. 3Demonstrate the flow of an instruction cycle. 4Differentiate types of memory components in terms of its technology and usage. 5Convert integer and floating point numbers to its internal data representation.  6Construct a series of computer instructions to perform low-level processor operations. 7Explain the RISC and CISC computers, and single core and multi-core computers May2014Systems and Networking2

3. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Architecture Attributes visible to the programmer  Instruction set  Number of bits used for data representation  I/O mechanisms  Addressing techniques Compatibility - Sharing basic architecture  Intel x86 family  IBM system / 370 family Organization Implementing the features  Control signals  Interfaces  Memory technology Organization differs between versions May2014Systems and Networking3

4. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Structure Method in which components relates to each other Function Operation of individual components as part of the structure 4 computer functions a.Data movement b.Control c.Data storage d.Data processing May2014Systems and Networking4

5. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Functional View May2014Systems and Networking5 Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Figure 1: Four computer functions

6. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 a) Data Movement May2014Systems and Networking6 Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Figure 2: Four computer functions – Data Movement

7. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 b) Storage May2014Systems and Networking7 Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Figure 3: Four computer functions - Storage

8. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 c) Processing - Storage May2014Systems and Networking8 Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Figure 4: Four computer functions – Processing from/to Storage

9. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 d) Processing: Storage – I/O May2014Systems and Networking9 Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Operating Environment (source and destination of data) Figure 5: Four computer functions – Storage to I/O

10. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Structure – Top Level Recap: Method in which components relates to each other May2014Systems and Networking10 Peripherals Communication lines Communication lines Computer Main Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) Input Output Computer Systems Interconnection

11. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Structure – Computer > CPU May2014Systems and Networking11 Computer Main Memory Central Processing Unit (CPU) Input Output Systems Interconnection CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Registers Control Unit Internal CPU Interconnection

12. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Structure – Computer > CPU > Control Unit May2014Systems and Networking12 CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Registers Control Unit Internal CPU Interconnection Control Unit Sequencing Logic Control Memory Control Unit Registers and Decoders

13. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Decimal Binary May2014Systems and Networking13

14. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Decimal System Decimal digits; 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Example: 83  Eight tens plus three: 83 = (8*10) + 3 Radix or base of 10  Each digit in the number is multiplied by 10 raised to a power corresponding to that digit’s position  Example: 83 83 = (8*10 1 ) + (3*10 0 ) May2014Systems and Networking14 1 0

15. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Decimal System (2) Decimal fractions  Use negative powers of 10 – corresponding to digit’s position  Example: 0.256 2 tenth plus 5 hundredths plus 6 thousandths: 0.256 = (0 * 10 0 ) + (2 * 10 -1 ) + (5 * 10 -2 ) + (6 * 10 -3 ) May2014Systems and Networking15 -2 -30

16. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Decimal System (2) Integer and decimal fractions  Integer: Use positive power of 10 - corresponding to that digit’s position  Decimal fraction: Use negative powers of 10 – corresponding to digit’s position  472.256 = (4 * 10 2 ) + (7 * 10 1 ) + (2 * 10 0 ) + (2 * 10 -1 ) + (5 * 10 -2 ) + (6 * 10 -3 ) May2014Systems and Networking16 -2 -3 01 2

17. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Binary System Binary digits; 0 1 Base of 2 Value depends on its position Example: 10 2  10 2 = (1 * 2 1 ) + (0 * 2 0 ) = 2 10 May2014Systems and Networking17 1 0

18. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Additional Reference http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html WWW Computer Architecture Home Page CPU Info Center Processor Emporium ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture Intel Technology Journal Manufacturer’s sites Intel, IBM, etc. May2014Systems and Networking18

19. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 Additional Reference William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance, 8th. Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., 2010 May2014Systems and Networking19

20. COMPUTER ORGANIZATIONS CSNB123 May2014Systems and Networking20 This teaching material is belongs to Systems and Networking Department College of Information Technology Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) Malaysia 2014