1. C.E.R.T Course Review

2. Preparedness

3. Preplanning Steps Assemble Disaster Kit food & water (1 gallon / person / day) Non-food supplies Locate Utility Shutoffs Develop an escape Plan Buy Fire Extinguisher Secure water heater, appliances, heavy furniture Have cash on-hand

4. Fire Subjects

5. Unit Objectives Explain the role of CERTs in fire safety. Identify and reduce potential fire risks in the home and workplace. Conduct a basic sizeup for a fire emergency. Understand basic safety precautions. Identify hazardous materials in the home and community. Extinguish small fires using a fire extinguisher.

6. The Fire Triangle Heat Fuel Oxygen

7. Fire Chemistry Classes of fire: A: Ordinary combustibles B: Flammable and combustible liquids C: Energized electrical equipment D: Combustible metals

8. Reducing Fire Hazards in Home and Workplace Read labels. Use L.I.E.S. storage procedures (Limit, Isolate, Eliminate, Separate).

9. CERT sizeup Answer these questions: Can my buddy and I fight the fire safely? Do we have the right equipment? Are there other hazards? Is the building structurally damaged? Can we escape?

10. CERT Sizeup 1.Gather Facts. 2.Assess Damage. 3.Consider Probabilities. 4.Assess Your Situation. 5.Establish Priorities. 6.Make Decisions. 7.Develop Plans of Action. 8.Take Action. 9.Evaluate Progress.

11. Firefighting Resources Resources available: Portable fire extinguishers Wet standpipes Confinement “Creative” resources

12. P.A.S.S Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep Test the extinguisher before approaching any fire.

13. Fire Suppression Safety Do: Use safety equipment. Work in a buddy system. Have a backup team. Have two ways to exit. Maintain a safe distance. Overhaul the fire.

14. Fire Suppression Safety DON’T Try to suppress large fires. Get too close. Fight it alone. Enter smoke-filled areas.

15. Hazardous Materials... Corrode other materials Explode or are easily ignited React strongly with water Are unstable when exposed to heat or shock Are toxic to humans, animals, or the environment

16. Identifying Stored Hazardous Materials Red – Flammable Blue – Health Yellow- Reactive White – Add ’ l Info

17. Search and Rescue Operations Sizeup Search involves: Locating victims. Documenting location. Rescue involves procedures and methods to extricate victims

18. Decision To Attempt Rescue Risk involved to the rescuer Greatest good for greatest number of people

19. Goals of Search and Rescue Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time Rescue lightly trapped victims first

20. Effective Search and Rescue Effective sizeup Rescuer safety Victims safety

21. CERT Search and Rescue Sizeup 1.Gather Facts 2.Assess Damage 3.Consider Probabilities 4.Assess Your Situation 5.Establish Priorities 6.Make Decisions 7.Develop Plans of Action 8.Take Action 9.Evaluate Progress

22. Step 1: Gather Facts Consider the: Time of event and day of week. Type of structure. Construction type. Weather. Hazards. Gather facts accurately.

23. Step 2: Assess and Communicate Damage CERT mission changes if: Damage is light. Damage is moderate. Damage is heavy. Consider structure type and age. Never enter a structure with heavy damage!

24. Search and Rescue Slight Damage

25. Search and Rescue Moderate Damage

26. Search and Rescue Heavy Damage

27. Search and Rescue sizeup Personnel Tools Equipment

28. Safety Considerations Make rescuer safety your primary concern. Use a buddy system. Be alert for hazards. Use safety equipment. Rotate teams. Teamwork=Success

29. Safety Considerations Wear Personal Protective Equipment Hardhat Eye Protection Work Gloves

30. Effective Search Methodology Indicates rescuer location Prevents duplication of effort

31. Search Methods 1.Call out to victims. 2.Use systematic search pattern. 3.Stop frequently to listen. 4.Triangulate. 5.Mark searched areas to document results. 6.Report results.

32. Conducting Search Operations

33. Conducting Rescue Operations Primary Functions: Creating safe rescue environment Lift objects out of the way. Use tools to move objects. Remove debris. Triaging or stabilizing victims Removing victims

34. Creating a Safe Environment Goals: Maintain rescuer safety. Triage in lightly and moderately damaged buildings. Evacuate victims quickly from moderately damaged buildings- minimize injury.

35. Precautions to Minimize Risk Safe Environment: Know your limitations Follow safety procedures. Remove debris by: Leveraging. Cribbing.

36. Removing Victims Types of victim removal include: Self-removal or assist. Lifts and drags. Allow victims to extricate themselves when possible.

37. Extrication Method Depends upon: General stability of immediate environment. Number of rescuers available. Strength and ability of rescuers. Condition of victim.

38. Medical Subjects

39. Unit Objectives 1. Identify the “killers.” 2. Apply techniques for opening airways, controlling bleeding, and treating for shock. 3. Conduct triage under simulated disaster conditions.

40. Treatment of Life-Threatening Conditions The “Killers”: Airway obstruction Excessive bleeding Shock

41. Unit Introduction Topics: Public health concerns Organization of disaster medical operations Establishing treatment areas Conducting head-to-toe assessments Treating injuries

42. Disaster Psychology

43. Unit Objectives 1.Describe the disaster and post-disaster emotional environment. 2.Describe the steps that rescuers can take to relieve their own stress and those of disaster survivors.

44. Possible Psychological Symptoms Irritability, anger Self-blame, blaming others Isolation, withdrawal Fear of recurrence Feeling stunned, numb, or overwhelmed Feeling helpless Mood swings Sadness, depression, grief Denial Concentration, memory problems Relationship conflicts/marital discord

45. Possible Physiological Symptoms Loss of appetite Headaches, chest pain Diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea Hyperactivity Increase in alcohol or drug consumption Nightmares Inability to sleep Fatigue, low energy

46. Victim Well-Being Encourage victim to talk about it Be a good Listener Establish Rapport Empathize Provide Confidentiality

47. Team Well-Being CERT team leaders should: Provide pre-disaster stress management training. Brief personnel before response. Emphasize teamwork. Encourage breaks. Provide for proper nutrition. Rotate. Phase out workers gradually. Conduct a brief discussion. Arrange for a post-event debriefing.

48. Reducing Stress Get enough sleep. Exercise. Eat a balanced diet. Balance work, play, and rest. Allow yourself to receive as well as give. Remember that your identity is broader than that of a helper. Connect with others. Use spiritual resources.

49. Avoid Saying... “I understand.” “Don’t feel bad.” “You’re strong/You’ll get through this.” “Don’t cry.” “It’s God’s will.” “It could be worse” or “At least you still have...”

50. Organization

51. Unit Objectives Describe the CERT organization. Identify how CERTs interrelate with ICS. Have a general understanding of ICS Explain documentation requirements.

52. Purpose of On-Scene Management Maintain safety of disaster workers. Provide clear leadership and organizational structure. Improve effectiveness of rescue efforts.

53. Need for CERT Organization Provides: Common terminology that contributes to effective communication and shared understanding. Effective communication among team members. A well-defined management structure. Accountability.

54. Objectives of CERT Organization Identifies the scope of the incident Determines an overall strategy Deploys resources Provides Flexibility Documents actions and results

55. Incident Command First member on scene is leader until relieved Size-up the incident Establish a Plan Safety Control and Accountability Communications Execute the Plan Demobilize

56. Incident Command System (ICS) A standard methodology for command, control and administration of an incident Mandated by Federal and State of Florida Flexible in size using Building Blocks depending upon the size of the incident can grow and contract

57. CERT and the ICS Basic ICS Structure Incident Commander Operations Section Chief Logistics Section Chief Planning Section Chief Administration Section Chief

58. Possible CERT Team Organization Command Medical Search & Rescue Fire Suppression Logistics

59. Operations Section Response activities -- rescue, firefighting, SWAT, traffic control, etc. Implements IAP (Incident Action Plan) Advises IC (Incident Commander) on goals and objectives

60. Plans Section Functions Prepares the Incident Action Plan (as guided by the IC) Determines what resources will be necessary, tracks deployment Documents actions Continues size-up and analysis Plans demobilization

61. Logistics Section Functions Communications Medical treatment of responders Setting up Staging areas Requesting resources Provides facilities, materials, and personnel for the responders -- NOT the population/victims

62. CERT Decisionmaking Heavy damage = No rescue Moderate damage = Minimize rescuers and time in building Light damage = Locate, triage, treat, and prioritize victim removal

63. Responsibilities for Documentation Provide command post with ongoing information. Document training Document incident status. Incident locations Access routes Identified hazards Support locations Who is involved

65. TERRORISM

66. Unit Objectives Define terrorism. Identify potential targets in the community. Identify CERT operating procedures for a terrorist incident. Describe the actions to take following a suspected terrorist incident.

67. What Is Terrorism? The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. --U.S. Department of Justice

68. Potential Targets of Terrorism Symbolic and historical targets Public buildings or assembly areas Controversial businesses such as Planned Parenthood clinics and fur stores Infrastructure systems such as public safety, transportation, or communications Institutions of higher learning Chemical and agriculture storage areas Hospitals

69. Terrorist Goals Mass causalities Loss of critical resources Disruption of vital services Disruption of the economy Individual and mass panic

70. Types of Terrorist Weapons Agro Biological Chemical Data/“Cyber” Explosive/Incendiary Firearms + Nuclear/Radiological

71. Preparing for Terrorism Assembling a disaster supply kit. Identify a safe room and meeting place outside of the home or workplace. Develop a family communication plan. Learn shelter-in-place procedures.

72. Shelter-in-Place Procedures Shut off ventilation system. Go to safe room with disaster supply kit. Duct tape plastic sheeting over openings where outside air can come in. Seal with duct tape other areas where air can come in. Listen to battery-powered radio for all clear.

73. CERT Guiding Principles Team safety is the number one priority. Always do a thorough size-up of situation. What are the dangers? What are team capabilities? What are team limitations?

74. CERTs and Terrorist Incidents Do not touch it! Move away from the object or area. Report it to authorities. Caution! Using cellular phones or two- way radios may detonate an explosive device!

75. Basic Decontamination Procedures 1.Leave the contaminated area. 2.Take decontamination action. Remove everything. Wash hands before using them to shower. Shower or flush with cool water. Blot dry. 3.Report for decontamination.