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For those days when you have absolutely nothing else to do. Like, you've tidied your room you're that bored Or for when you have an exam... By Amy G. (she.

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Presentation on theme: "For those days when you have absolutely nothing else to do. Like, you've tidied your room you're that bored Or for when you have an exam... By Amy G. (she."— Presentation transcript:

1 For those days when you have absolutely nothing else to do. Like, you've tidied your room you're that bored Or for when you have an exam... By Amy G. (she is a legend)

2 Presentation of data Probability Averages Questionnair es and sampling ( 1 click a box to advance the show...) Percentages + Savings accounts ( 2 it's totally worth it) ( 3 Otherwise you'll just sit here staring at the contents page...) ( 4 we wouldn't want that now, would we?) ( 5 unless you like that sort of thing...) ( 6 I don't...) ( 7 seriously, click one now...) THE END IS IN SIGHT (click this if you're done)

3 Data in a frequency table Add an extra column to the table so you have 3 Mode = most frequent Show the full calculator display The data column is the one that is ordered You never do averages of averages Always work back to totals Number of cars (X) FrequencyF times X 050 118 22346 31442 total50 I want to go back to the awesome contents (or choose a new topic) This is so boring, maybe the Next page Will be more interesting

4 Grouped frequency tables This type of frequency table has class intervals Questions ask for an estimate of the mean- don't just guess! The mode and the median are both class intervals Draw a table with 4 columns – data, frequency, midpoint, midpoint x frequency Moving averages For a 4 point moving average, take the first 4 values, for a 3 point moving average take the first 3 etc. find the mean of them Then take the next 4 values starting with the 2 nd value and find the mean of them. (depending on what type of moving average it is, you could have a different number of values.) Carry on until you get to the end of the values Plot the moving average in the middle of the data it represents e.g. if it is a 3 point moving average, plot it at the 2 nd value I cant tek any more Averages!!! >.< (contents) Rush on to the next page, Folks (But not before you read the facts!)

5 Primary data- Data you collect yourself (from surveys and questionnaires- face to face, by phone, by post, or via the Internet) Secondary data-Data that is collected by someone else (from the Internet, newspapers etc) Primary Data is more reliable because you can be sure of the source, but it can take a long time to collect and costs lots of money. Secondary Data is usually cheaper and easier to get, but it may not be as reliable. Ooh, this looks a bit hard.... (back to contents) On the Next page, Enlightenment awaits

6 This method of sampling is less biased and very useful =) You split the population into groups called strata and each group is sampled according to it's size. FORMULA!!!! ( remember this formula- it comes in handy=)) Meh... I knew this... (contents) Just kidding bout enlightenment, go to Next page anyways

7 How likely an event is to happen Impossible = 0 Certain = 1 Probability can be a fraction, a decimal or a percentage but NEVER a ratio. P'(event) = Probability of the event not happening To compare probabilities, change them both to decimals Events are chosen at random- every event has an equal chance of being chosen Relative Frequency If you don't have the probability of something, and you can't calculate it, you can do an experiment to calculate the probability More trials =Better estimate of the probability =) (its goooood) Noooo not probability... (back to contents) The Next page has a picture of a fish on it...

8 Mutually exclusive events can't both happen at the same time- P(A or B)= P(A) + P(B) Independent events have no effect on each other- P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) Combined events If 2 or more events happen at the same time you need to do a diagram to find out all possible outcomes-  A systematic list  A sample space diagram  A probability tree Probability trees These are the most efficient way to show combined probabilities Write the events across the top Draw branches for each possible event Write the probabilities on the branches Total probability for each set always equals 1 Conditional probability is when the probability is affected by another. Argh still probability... (contents) What did I tell you? (he's called Nemo) Next page

9 Pie charts Do a table to find the angle for each sector Pie charts don't give frequencies so be careful when you compare frequencies Check proportion Scatter Diagrams Plot a series of data to see if there is a relationship – correlation Just because there is correlation doesn't mean that there is a relationship The Independent variable goes on the X axis The dependent variable goes on the Y axis Maybe later ehehehe... (back to contents) Use the force (of this button)To go to the next page

10 Scatter Diagrams Positive Correlation- as 1 variable increases, so does the other Negative Correlation- as one variable decreases, the other increases Line Of Best fit These should follow the trend of the data It must go through the mean plot You can use the line of best fit to extrapolate values, but you need to be careful, as sometimes they aren't relevant You may need to work out the equation of the line using the equation Y=MX+C zzzzzzzzzzzz... (back to contents) Hurry on to the Next page, Peeps XD

11 Frequency Polygons These are used to compare sets of data Plot the frequency against the midpoint of the class interval Histograms A bar chart is actually a type of Histogram with equal class intervals The bars always touch in a histogram The area of the bars represent the frequency Label the vertical axis frequency density Work out the vertical scale to complete the histogram Must...play...ps3! (back to contents) Something interesting might happen on the next page

12 Histograms continued Method Work out the vertical scale and complete the histogram To work out the vertical scale, find a value that is in both the table and the histogram Cumulative Frequency Graphs: Add a 'Cumulative Frequency' column to the table Plot the end point of the class interval against cumulative frequency (Cumulative frequency is on the Y axis) For a 'Cumulative frequency polygon' draw straight lines For values over 50, we use Because we all need to know how to do this.... (back to contents) Boo! Eheheh.. maybe on the Next page?

13 Box plots It is easy to compare data in a box plot You must use the same scale on the axes Outliers Outliers are extreme values 1.5 times the IQR above the UQ or below the LQ Mark with a cross Kyaaa! I need escape!! (back to contents) Orange is Interesting =] The Next page will be normal again

14 To compare fractions, decimals and percentages, write them as the same form e.g. all decimals Multiplying factors (they are very important later...) To increase something by 17%, times it by 1.17 To decrease something by 17% times it by 0.83 To find a number as a % of another To find an amount before % change % profit / loss / increase / decrease Percentage of this I remember = 0 (back to contents) You're worth it on The Next page

15 Simple interest This is the formula for a simple interest account. It gives you the amount of interest you get. P= principal sum R= rate of interest T= time in years Compound Interest In a compound interest bank account, the amount of interest is paid into the bank account at the end of the year. The next years interest is calculated on the new amount. I need to save myself from this!!! (back to contents) What did I tell you eheheh... The E.N.D. is in sight! (Go to Last page)

16 Thanks for watching=] Hope you have learnt something=] Watch it again (it'll only get worse...) By the way, that album cover is the E.N.D.... get it? The E.N.D. Is in sight? (oh, I make myself laugh)Never mind then... Bye =]


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