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Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures

2 Place

3 Purpose Review English Categories
Look at Other Place and Manner Possibilities - Examples in Other Languages  Look at Common Disordered Categories

4 Place Need to Specify Passive articulator Active articulator

5 Most Non-English Sounds
Similar Places Different Manner 1. Bilabial 2. Labiodental 3. Dental 4. Alveolar 5. Retroflex 6. Palato-Alveolar 7. Palatal 8. Velar 9. Uvular 10. Pharyngeal 11. Epiglottal

6 Bilabials English: Other languages Oral & Nasal Stops, Glides
Fricatives Spanish: saber (to know) = /saβeɾ/ Linguo-labials - tongue + lip

7 Labiodental English: Fricatives
LABIAL Labiodental English: Fricatives Many languages have fricatives, affricates German: Pfund (pound) = /pfunt/ No phonemic Stops or Nasals Acoustic similarity to bilabials Many allophonic nasals E.g., “symphony” /sɪɱfəni/ “emphasis” /ɛɱfəsɪs/

8 Interdental/Dental English: Fricatives Other Languages: Stops Nasals
CORONAL Interdental/Dental English: Fricatives Other Languages: Stops Nasals

9 Alveolar English: Other Languages:
CORONAL Alveolar English: Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants Other Languages: Affricates E.g., German, Zeit (time) /tsaɪt/ Nonphonemic in English E.g., eats /its/

10 Retroflex English: Other Languages: Liquids
CORONAL Retroflex Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation with underside of tongue (not manner because place is both where and what with tongue) English: Liquids Other Languages: Stops, Nasals, Laterals, Fricatives E.g., Quichua, ari (yes) /aɻi/

11 Part of Tongue Used Apical - Tongue Tip Laminal - Tongue Blade
CORONAL Part of Tongue Used Apical - Tongue Tip Laminal - Tongue Blade Dorsal - Back of Tongue

12 Alveolar and Palatal English: Fricatives CORONAL
Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue tip near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not underside) Alveolo-palatals (like palatal + palato-alveolar) - further back than palato-alveolar, but still tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and Polish)

13 Palatal English: Other Languages Laminal vs. Dorsal
CORONAL Palatal English: Fricatives, Liquids, Glides Other Languages Stops, Fricatives, Nasal Laminal vs. Dorsal Phonemic vs. Allophonic Uses 13

14 DORSAL Velar English Stops, Nasals Fricatives Spanish German

15 Uvular Back of tongue to uvula Not in American English Fricatives
DORSAL Uvular Back of tongue to uvula Not in American English Fricatives French Trill German /R/ Nasals Iniktitut /N/ Stop Iniktitut /q, G/

16 Epiglottis Epiglottis to back wall of pharynx Rare Fricatives
DORSAL Epiglottis Epiglottis to back wall of pharynx Rare Fricatives Phonemic contrast between pharyngeal & epiglottal place extremely rare. Acoustic similarity See Agul

17 DORSAL Pharyngeal Root of tongue to back wall of pharynx Fricatives

18 Manner 18

19 Stops Summary Table 7.5, p. 168. Know how each is produced

20

21 Nasals In many languages Primarily Voiced, some voiceless.

22 Fricatives Largest variety Classification Tongue grooved or flat
not bilabial Sibilants and Non-sibilants Auditory distinction Sibilants have greater acoustic energy Different means of obstruction

23 Nasals, stops and fricatives (Nasals are all voiced despite the uvular nasal being on the left)

24 Trill Tip of tongue set in motion by air Uvular, Alveolar, Bilabial

25 Tap/Flap Tap Flap Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolar
Tongue tuip hitting roof of mouth Spanish single “r” – pero (but) /peɾo/ Flap One articulator being thrown against another. Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolar Often grouped, terminology used interchangeably. E.g., “betty” (tap) vs. “hardup” (flap)

26 Affricates Phonemic – Duration Types Alveopalatal Alveolar Labial
Ejectives Possible

27 Lateral vs. Central / Approximants (liquids & glides)
Air passes out sides Central Air passes out center Alveolar vs. Velar

28 Place & Manner Differences in Disordered Speech

29 Lateralization Primarily Stops Fricatives

30 Speech with a Cleft Palate
Cleft in hard/soft palate Tissue, Bony Structure, Muscle Inadequate closure/obstruction of air Structurally unable to produce certain sounds Attempt to keep same manner with different place May result in Nasal Fricatives Glottal Stops Pharyngeal Fricatives

31 What you know about consonants:
Airstream Mechanism Airstream Direction Glottis State Part of Tongue Involved (NA on some) Primary Place of Articulation Manner of Articulation Centrality Nasality

32 Airstream Mechanism Pulmonic Glottalic Velaric

33 Airstream Direction Egressive Ingressive

34 Glottis State Voiced Voiceless Murmured Laryngealized Closed

35 Part of Tongue Involved
Apical Laminal Neither

36 Primary Place of Articulation
Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Alveopalatal Palato-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal (Labial-Velar)

37 Manner of Articulation
Stop Fricative Approximant Trill Flap Tap Affricate

38 Centrality Central Lateral

39 Nasality Oral Nasal

40 40

41 41

42 Practice – match the transcription with the sound
1 2 3 4 5 a [al] b [oz] c [qau] d [px] e [ka]

43 Practice – match the transcription with the sound
1 2 3 4 5 c a [al] b [oz] c [qau] d [px] e [ka] e a b d

44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a [aa] b [afa] c [aTa] d [asa] e [aa] f [aSa] g
Difficult Fricative Practice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a [aa] b [afa] c [aTa] d [asa] e [aa] f [aSa] g [aCa] h [axa] i [aXa] j [aa]

45 1 b 2 e 3 g 4 h 5 c 6 i 7 f 8 j 9 a 10 d a [aa] b [afa] c [aTa] d
Difficult Fricative Practice 1 b 2 e 3 g 4 h 5 c 6 i 7 f 8 j 9 a 10 d a [aa] b [afa] c [aTa] d [asa] e [aa] f [aSa] g [aCa] h [axa] i [aXa] j [aa]


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