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5.7 Complex Numbers 12/17/2012.

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Presentation on theme: "5.7 Complex Numbers 12/17/2012."— Presentation transcript:

1 5.7 Complex Numbers 12/17/2012

2 Quick Review Exponent Rule:
If a number doesn’t show an exponent, it is understood that the number has an exponent of 1. Ex: 8 = 81 , x = x1 , -5 = -51 Also, any number raised to the Zero power is equal to 1 Ex: 30 = = 1 Exponent Rule: When multiplying powers with the same base, you add the exponent. x2 • x3 = x5 y • y7 = y8

3 The square of any real number x is never negative, so the equation x2 = -1 has no real number solution. To solve this x2 = -1 , mathematicians created an expanded system of numbers using the IMAGINARY UNIT, i.

4 Simplifying i given any powers
The pattern repeats after every 4. So you can find i raised to any power by dividing the exponent by 4 and see what the remainder is. Based on that remainder, you can determine it’s value. Step 1. 22÷ 4 has a remainder of 2 Step 2. i22 = i2 Step ÷ 4 has a remainder of 3 Step 2. i51 = i3 Do you see the pattern yet?

5 Checkpoint Find the value of 1. i 15 2. i 20 3. i 61  4. i 122

6 Properties of Square Root of Negative Number

7 Example 1 Solve the equation. = 7x 2 49 – a. b. = 3x 2 5 – 29 SOLUTION
Solve a Quadratic Equation Solve the equation. = 7x 2 49 a. b. = 3x 2 5 29 SOLUTION Write original equation. = 7x 2 49 a. Divide each side by 7. = x 2 7 Take the square root of each side. = x + 7 Write in terms of i. = x + 7 i

8 Example 1 b. = 3x 2 29 – 5 = 3x 2 24 – = x 2 8 – = x + – 8 = x + – 8 i
Solve a Quadratic Equation b. = 3x 2 29 5 Write original equation. Add 5 to each side. = 3x 2 24 Divide each side by 3. = x 2 8 Take the square root of each side. = x + 8 Write in terms of i. = x + 8 i Simplify the radical. = x + 2 i 8

9 Checkpoint Solve the equation. 1. x 2 = – 3 ANSWER 3, i 3 – 2. = x 2 7
Solve a Quadratic Equation Solve the equation. 1. x 2 = 3 ANSWER 3, i 3 2. = x 2 7 ANSWER 7, i 7 3. = x 2 20 ANSWER 5, 2 5 i 4. = x 2 3 2 + ANSWER 5, i 5 5. = y 2 4 12 ANSWER 2, 2 i

10 Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers
Is a number written in the standard form a + bi where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. Add/Subtract the real parts, then add/subtract the imaginary parts Complex Number Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers

11 Write as a complex number in standard form. ( ( 3 + 2i ( + 1 – i (
Example 2 Add Complex Numbers Write as a complex number in standard form. ( ( 3 + 2i ( + 1 i ( SOLUTION Group real and imaginary terms. 2i 3 ( + i 1 = 2 i Write in standard form. = 4 + i 11

12 Write as a complex number in standard form. 2i 6 ( – 1
Example 3 Subtract Complex Numbers Write as a complex number in standard form. 2i 6 ( 1 SOLUTION Group real and imaginary terms. 2i 6 ( = 1 2 i + -1 + 2i Simplify. = 5 + 0i Write in standard form. = 5 12

13 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Checkpoint Add and Subtract Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 6. ( 4 ( 2i ( + 1 + 3i ( ANSWER i 5 + 7. i 3 ( + 4i 2 ANSWER 3i 5 + 8. 6i 4 ( + 3i 2 ANSWER 3i 2 + 9. 4i 2 ( + 7i ANSWER 3i 4

14 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Checkpoint Add and Subtract Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 11. 2i 1 ( + 5i 4 ANSWER 3i 5 + 12. i 2 ( 4i 1 ANSWER 3i 3 +

15 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Example 4 Multiply Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. a. 1 ( 3i + 2i b. 3i 6 ( + 3i 4 ( SOLUTION Multiply using distributive property. 1 ( 3i + 2i = 6i 2 a. 1 ( 2i 6 = + Use i 6 2i = Write in standard form.

16 Example 4 b. 3i 6 ( + 4 – 24 18i 12i 9i 2 = 24 6i – 9i 2 = 24 6i – 1 (
Multiply Complex Numbers b. 3i 6 ( + 4 24 18i 12i 9i 2 = Multiply using FOIL. 24 6i 9i 2 = Simplify. 24 6i 1 ( 9 = Use i 6i 33 = Write in standard form. 16

17 Complex Conjugates Two complex numbers of the form a + bi and a - bi Their product is a real number because (3 + 2i)(3 – 2i) using FOIL 9 – 6i + 6i -4i2 9 – 4i2 i2 = -1 9 – 4(-1) = = 13 Is used to write quotient of 2 complex numbers in standard form (a + bi)

18 Write as a complex number in standard form. 2i 3 + 1 – a + bi SOLUTION
Example 5 Divide Complex Numbers Write as a complex number in standard form. 2i 3 + 1 a + bi SOLUTION 2i 3 + 1 = Multiply the numerator and the denominator by i, the complex conjugate of i. Multiply using FOIL. 1 2i 3 6i + 4i 2 = 3 8i + 1 ( 4 = Simplify and use i 8i + 1 5 = Simplify. 5 1 8 i + = Write in standard form. 18

19 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Checkpoint Multiply and Divide Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 13. i 2 ( 3i ANSWER 6i 3 + 14. ( 2i 1 + i 2 ANSWER 3i 4 + 15. i 2 + 1 ANSWER 2 1 + 3 i

20 Graphing Complex Number
Imaginary axis Real axis

21 Ex: Graph 3 – 2i To plot, start at the origin, move 3 units to the right and 2 units down 3 2 3 – 2i

22 Ex: Name the complex number represented by the points.
Answers: A is 1 + i B is 0 + 2i = 2i C is -2 – i D is i D B A C

23 Homework 5.7 p.264 #17-20, 27/29, 33-35, 40, 43, 45, 46, 52-54, 64-71 5.6

24 Checkpoint Solve the equation. 1. x 2 = – 3 2. = x 2 7 – 3. = x 2 20 –
Solve a Quadratic Equation Solve the equation. 1. x 2 = 3 2. = x 2 7 3. = x 2 20 4. = x 2 3 2 + 5. = y 2 4 12

25 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Checkpoint Add and Subtract Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 6. ( 4 ( 2i ( + 1 + 3i ( 7. i 3 ( + 4i 2 8. 6i 4 ( + 3i 2 9. 4i 2 ( + 7i

26 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.
Checkpoint Add and Subtract Complex Numbers Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 10. 2i 1 ( + 5i 4 11. i 2 ( 4i 1 Write the expression as a complex number in standard form. 12. i 2 ( 3i 14. i 2 + 1 13. ( 2i 1 + i 2


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