1. ITEC0722 Mobile Business and Implementation: Mobile Cloud Computing
Lecture Notes #8

2. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)

3. Outline Cloud Mobile Cloud Computing What is Cloud Computing?
Main Aspects of a Cloud System through the cloud map
Mobile Cloud Computing
Concept of Mobile Cloud Computing?
Applications of Mobile Cloud Computing
Issue of MCC

4. Cloud Computing

5. What is Cloud Computing?
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”
(A definition by NIST, 2011)

6. Mainframe +Dumb Terminal
Evolution of Cloud
Mainframe +Dumb Terminal
Cluster
Grid
Cloud

7. Market Forecast

8. Main Aspects of a Cloud System: Cloud map

9. Features (or Characteristics)
Distributed computing at a massive scale
On demand elasticity
Exploiting existing technologies such as “Virtualization”
Pay per use model
Multi-tenancy

10. Cloud Types and Models

11. Cloud Service Models
Modified from Building the cloud Virtualized Optical WAN

12. Service Models and their risks
Modified from Cloud Computing Impact on future enterprise architectures, Schekkerman, J.

13. Cloud Deployment Models (NIST)
Public clouds
Private clouds
Hybrid clouds
The models by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST)

14. Recap (3) - Benefits VS Challenges
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
Lower costs
Ease of utilization
Quality of Service
Reliability
Outsourced IT management
Simplified maintenance and upgrade
Low barrier to entry
Security
Interoperability
Laws and regulations
Organizational changes
Cost
Network latency

15. Mobile Cloud Computing
- Need ubiquitous devices
Mobile
Need rich mobile apps
>Performance + Storage
Mobile
Cloud
Computing

16. Challenges in Mobile Resources Communication Battery life Storage
Bandwidth
Communication
Security
mobility

17. Adopting Mobile Cloud Applications
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)
Definition
“Mobile Cloud Computing at its simplest, refers to an infrastructure where both the data storage and the data processing happen outside of the mobile device. Mobile cloud applications move the computing power and data storage away from mobile phones and into the cloud, bringing applications and mobile computing to not just smartphone users but a much broader range of mobile subscribers”. (by the Mobile Cloud Computing Forum)
Briefly, MCC is a model where processing is done in the cloud, data is stored in the cloud, mobiles device serves as a presentation platform or a display

18. MCC Architecture

19. Advantages of MCC Advantage of cloud to mobile computing
Thinner devices -> less processing, consume less power, and have better battery life
Improving data storage capacity and processing power
Avoidance of vendor lock-in.
Inherits some advantages of clouds
Dynamic resource provisioning, Scalability, Reliability and Multi-tenancy

20. What to be when cloud come!
Less processing power, memory and storage but needs to be aware of bandwidth and display resolutions.
Smart phones with sophisticated operating systems. e.g., iOS, Android, Windows Mobile, Symbian.

21. Apple iCloud
iCloud

22. iCloud Application Calendar, Mail and Contacts iBook
Documents in the Cloud
Apps
iCloud
iTunes in the Cloud
Find My Friends and Find My iPhone
Photo Stream
Backup

23. iPhone Application Hosting by Amazon
Picture from Alexandra Institute

24. iAWS Manager
Picture from Alexandra Institute

25. MCC Applications Mobile Commerce Mobile Learning Mobile Healthcare
Mobile Gaming
Other Applications

26. Mobile Commerce
Def.: a business model for commerce using mobile devices.
mobile transactions and payments
mobile messaging, and mobile ticketing
Limitations: Low network bandwidth and security

27. Mobile Commerce (2) Cloud-based mobile commerce:
Combined with other platform such as
3G/4G network to offer higher bandwidth
Using PKI infrastructure to enhance security

28. Mobile Learning Design: electronic learning (e-learning) and mobility.
Limitations: high cost of devices and network, low network transmission rate, and limited educational resources.
Cloud-based m-learning applications
Large storage capacity
Powerful processing ability
Much richer services in terms of data size, faster processing speed, longer battery life.

29. Mobile Healthcare
Helps to access resources (e.g., patient health records) easily and quickly
Limitations: small physical storage, security and privacy
Example, HealthCloud (patient health records)
Platform: mobile client (Android), Cloud (Amazon)
Cloud-based m-healthcare applications
Large storage capacity
security as a service on the cloud

30. Mobile Gaming Limitations: Computation, battery life
Cloud-based mobile gaming applications
completely offload game engine requiring large computing resource (e.g., graphic rendering) to the server in the cloud
gamers only interact with the screen interface on their devices.
Research: MAUI platform
energy reduction
saves 27% (video games), 45% (chess)
refresh rate increases from 6 to 13 fps

31. Angry Admin Game

32. Other Applications Mobile applications over clouds for
sharing real-time experience (e.g., travel, shopping, and event) through a bogging
translating language
searching services (e.g., searching information, location, images, voices, or video clips)
Keyword-based searching
Voice-based searching
Tag-based searching
search only recall parameters that are tagged on images before such images are sent to a cloud

33. Issue and Approaches of MCC
Issues in mobile communication side
Low bandwidth
Availability
Heterogeneity
Issues in Computing Side
Computing offloading
Security

34. Issues in mobile communication
Low bandwidth
The radio resource for wireless networks is much scarce as compared with the traditional wired networks.
Availability
Mobile users may not be able to connect to the cloud to obtain service due to traffic congestion, network failures, out-of-signal.
Heterogeneity
Good QoS in heterogeneous networks in terms of wireless network interfaces.

35. Issues in Computing Computer offloading
Adv: performance and battery life
Challenges
Offloading in the Dynamic Environment (e.g., changing connection status and bandwidth)
Problem: For example, the data executed on the server will be lost when it has to be returned to the sender.

36. Issues in Computing (2)
Security - (1) Security for Mobile Users and (2) Securing Data on Clouds
Security for Mobile Users
Security for mobile applications
mobile devices are constrained in their processing and power, protecting them from the threats is more difficult than that for resourceful device (e.g., PC)
Privacy
Mobile users provide private information such as their current location via Location based services (from GPS)

37. Issues in Computing (3) Securing Data on Clouds Integrity
Digital right management
The unstructured digital contents (e.g., video, image, audio, and e-book) have often been pirated and illegally distributed.

38. Other Issues Standard interface
The current interface between mobile users and cloud are mostly based on the web interfaces.
However, using web interfaces may not be the best option.
First, web interface is not specifically designed for mobile devices. Therefore, web interface may have more overhead.
Also, compatibility among devices for web interface could be an issue.
Possible solution:
Standard protocol, signaling, and interface for interacting between mobile users and cloud would be required to ensure seamless services

39. Summary
Mobile leverage cloud in terms of performance, storage and cloud’s features
The applications supported by mobile cloud computing including mobile commerce, mobile learning, and mobile healthcare have been discussed which clearly show the applicability of the mobile cloud computing to a wide range of mobile services.
The issues and related approaches for mobile cloud computing (i.e., from communication and computing sides) have been discussed.

40. References
Armbrust, M., et al., 2010, A View of Cloud Computing, ACM, 53(4), pp
Zhang, Q., Cheng, L., Boutaba, R., Cloud Coomputing: state-of-the-art and research challenges, Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2010, 1:7-18.
The Future of Cloud Computing: Opportunities for European Cloud Computing Beyond 2010.
Chapter 8 of Course Book: Cloud Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Pub. Inc.
A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing: Architecture, Applications, and Approaches