Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Articulations Chapter 9.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Articulations Chapter 9."— Presentation transcript:

1 Articulations Chapter 9

2 Introduction Skeleton composition Articulation
Many bones joined together (articulated) Articulation Joints Advantages and disadvantages of strong vs. weak joints

3 Functional Classification
Synarthroses – immoveable Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable Diarthroses – freely moveable

4 Structural Classification
Fibrous joints Lack joint cavity Held together by fibrous connective tissue Synarthritic or amphiarthritic Cartilaginous joints Held together by cartilage Synovial joints Joint cavity present Held together by ligaments Diarthritic

5 Synarthroses Sutures – found between skull bones Types
Held together by dense fibrous connective tissue Types Serrate Squamous Plane Synostoses

6 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Serrate Suture Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

7 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Squamous Suture Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

8 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Plane Suture Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

9 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Synostoses Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

10 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
More Synarthroses Synchondroses Held together by hyaline cartilage May form synostoses Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

11 More Synarthroses Gomphosis Held together by ligaments
Cone-shaped pet fits into a socket

12 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Amphiarthroses Symphyses Held together by fibrocartilage Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

13 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
More Amphiarthroses Syndesmoses Held together by collagen fibers Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

14 Diarthroses – Synovial Joints
Most common joints Characteristics Joint cavity Articular cartilage Articular capsule Fibrous layer Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid Accessory ligaments Menisci Bursae Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

15 Movements at Synovial Joints
Limitations Types of movements Gliding Back & forth, side to side Surfaces are flat Angular Increase or decrease angles between bones

16 Types of Angular Movements

17 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Flexion & Extension FG08_03B1.JPG Title: Angular Movements Notes: Examples of movements that change the angle between the shaft and the articular base. Keywords: angular movements, adbuction, adduction, hyperextension, extension, flexion, circumduction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

18 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Flexion & Extension FG08_03B2.JPG Title: Angular Movements Notes: Examples of movements that change the angle between the shaft and the articular base. Keywords: angular movements, adbuction, adduction, hyperextension, extension, flexion, circumduction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

19 Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion
FG08_05B.JPG Title: Special Movements Notes: Examples of special terms used to describe movement at specific joints or unique direction of movement. Keywords: special movements, eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, lateral flexion, retraction, protraction, opposition, elevation, depression Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

20 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Abduction & Adduction FG08_03A1.JPG Title: Angular Movements Notes: Examples of movements that change the angle between the shaft and the articular base. Keywords: angular movements, adbuction, adduction, hyperextension, extension, flexion, circumduction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

21 Abduction & Adduction in Fingers
FG08_03C.JPG Title: Angular Movements Notes: Examples of movements that change the angle between the shaft and the articular base. Keywords: angular movements, adbuction, adduction, hyperextension, extension, flexion, circumduction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

22 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Rotation FG08_04A.JPG Title: Rotational Movements Notes: Examples of motion in which the shaft of the bone rotates. Keywords: rotational movements, right rotation, left rotation, external rotation, lateral, internal rotation, medial, supination, pronation Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

23 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Circumduction FG08_03D.JPG Title: Angular Movements Notes: Examples of movements that change the angle between the shaft and the articular base. Keywords: angular movements, adbuction, adduction, hyperextension, extension, flexion, circumduction Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

24 Special Types of Angular Movements

25 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Inversion & Eversion FG08_05A.JPG Title: Special Movements Notes: Examples of special terms used to describe movement at specific joints or unique direction of movement. Keywords: special movements, eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, lateral flexion, retraction, protraction, opposition, elevation, depression Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

26 Protraction & Retraction
FG08_05D.JPG Title: Special Movements Notes: Examples of special terms used to describe movement at specific joints or unique direction of movement. Keywords: special movements, eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, lateral flexion, retraction, protraction, opposition, elevation, depression Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

27 Elevation & Depression
FG08_05F.JPG Title: Special Movements Notes: Examples of special terms used to describe movement at specific joints or unique direction of movement. Keywords: special movements, eversion, inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, lateral flexion, retraction, protraction, opposition, elevation, depression Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

28 Subtypes of Synovial Joints

29 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Gliding Joint Flat surfaces Biaxial movement only eg. Between carpals Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

30 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Hinge Joint Convex surface fits into concave surface Monaxial movement Flexion, extension eg. elbow Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

31 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Pivot Joint Rounded surface articulates within a ring Monaxial movement Rotation eg. between atlas & axis Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

32 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Ellipsoidal Joint Oval-shaped condyle fits into elliptical cavity Biaxial movement eg. between radius & carpals Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

33 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Saddle Joint Articular surfaces of both bones are concave in one direction and convex in the other biaxial movement eg. Between 1st metacarpal of thumb & trapezium Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

34 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Ball and Socket Joint Ball-like surface fits into cuplike depression Triaxial movement Flexion, extension Abduction, adduction Rotation eg. shoulder Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

35 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Anatomy of the Knee Joint between femur & tibia Hinge joint but looks like ellipsoidal joint Four ligaments hold it together Menisci and bursae are present Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

36 Disorders

37 Dislocation

38 Bursitis

39 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Slipped Disc FG08_09A.JPG Title: Damage to the Intervertebral Discs Notes: (a) Lateral view of the lumbar spinal region, showing a distorted (slipped) intervertebral disc. (b) Sectional view through a herniated disc, showing displacement of the nucleus pulposus and its effect on the spinal cord and adjacent nerves. Keywords: intervertebral disc, damage, lateral, lumbar, distorted, slipped disc, anulus fibrosus, spinal cord Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

40 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Arthritis Arthritis – inflammation of joints Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Gouty arthritis Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

41 Gouty Arthritis

42 Osteoarthritis

43 Rheumatoid Arthritis


Download ppt "Articulations Chapter 9."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google