1. The “How To” Grants Manual David G. Bauer 5 th Edition

2. Setting Yourself Up for Grants Success Chapter One

3. Setting Yourself Up for Grants Success  Developing Your Career Grants Plan  Developing a Proactive System  Festinger’s Theory of Cognitive Dissonance  Values-Based Grantseeking

4. Developing and Documenting the Need for Your Project Chapter Two

5. Creating Urgency and a Compelling Proposal  Document the need  What is the problem that requires a solution?  What will happen if this needs area is not addressed?  What is the gap between what exists now and what ought to be or would be if the knowledge existed to solve the problem?  Why should grant funds be used now to solve the problem and reduce the gap?

6. Creating a Gap Between What Exists Now and What Could or Should Be  The statement of the problem must be:  Clear,  Concise, and  Possess a futuristic reference to why the problem needs to be addressed now!  Grantors fund proposals that show the greatest impact in moving to close the gap in a particular problem.

7. Needs Assessment Approaches The Six Basic Approaches  Key informant: Quotations from people who know about the problem or are experts in the field.  Community Forum: Public meetings to get testimony on the problem.  Case Studies: Examples of clients in a need population.  Statistical analysis: Use of data from public records.  Survey: Random selection of population to answer questions related to the need.  Studies: Literature search of published documents on the subject.

8. Finding Time to Write Grant Proposals Chapter Three

9. Organizing a Proposal Development Workbook There are two (2) major obstacles to grantseeking: Finding the time to get involved Developing a proactive approach The Swiss Cheese Concept Create manageable tasks for the process Time-efficient and cost effective Keeps proposal information more organized

10. Suggested Proposal Development Tabs Introduction Documenting Need Organizing the Process Developing Ideas Redefining Ideas Uniqueness Advisory Committees and Advocacy Choosing the Marketplace

11. Tabs for governmental funding sources Researching Government Marketplace Characteristics: Government Grants Contracting Government Sources Planning Federal Proposals Improving Federal Proposals Submission: Public Sources Decision: Public Sources Follow-up: Government Sources

12. Tabs for private funding sources Differences: Public versus Private Sources Recording Research Foundation Research Tools Researching Corporate Grants Contracting Private Sources Letter Proposal Submission: Private Sources Decision: Private Sources Follow-up: Private Sources

13. Developing Grant-Winning Ideas Chapter Four

14. From Research to Model Projects Look at your organization and grant request from the the grantor’s point-of-view. Try and determine the grantor’s values, their likes and dislikes, and avoid those that are negative and highlighting those that appeal to the grantor Develop several approaches to solving your problem and discuss them with the prospective funding source before submittal.

15. Worksheets can help you Generate more fundable ideas through brainstorming sessions Develop a system to summarize best ideas and access organizational commitment to the project Conduct a cost-benefit analysis of your best ideas Develop institutional support for your proposal early in the process

16. Brainstorming More Fundable Proposal Ideas Break your participants into groups of five to eight. Appoint a neutral group leader to facilitate the process Appoint a recorder Set a time limit State one question or problem Ask group members to generate and present as many possible solutions to the problem as they can within the time limit.

17. Brainstorming More Fundable Proposal Ideas Encourage group members to piggyback on each other’s ideas Record all answers, combining those that are similar. Avoid any evaluation or discussion of ideas until the process is over; this rule is critical for productive brainstorming

18. Cost-Benefit Analysis Worksheet Summary of Idea and Methodology CostNo. of Persons Served Cost per person served Positive Points Negative Points

19. Preproposal Summary and Approval Form This is like your Insurance Policy You fill out the form and then solicit review and a critique by those who will be involved and must sign off on the proposal This form provides a way to test the acceptance of your idea Helps summarize all needed resources: staff, capital, match and other items that will be required to implement the project.

20. Redefining Proposal Ideas Chapter Five

21. Improving Your Database Research and Finding More Funding Sources Don’t become overly self-focused (a case of the “we-we disease”) Develop different key search terms to uncover different types of funding sources Learning to develop Corporate Key Search Terms Remember corporations like to support projects where they “live” and like to fund projects that can be related to their profits.

22. Why Grant Funds to You and Your Organization? Chapter Six

23. Capitalizing on Your Capabilities Why should the funder choose you? When to use similarity as a uniqueness Conduct a uniqueness exercise Using your organization’s case/mission statement to support your proposal Using your existing case/mission statement Elements of a case/mission statement

24. Creating Grant-Winning Teams and Consortia Chapter Seven

25. Involving Volunteers through Advisory Committees and Advocacy Groups Recognizing the roles that comprise an effective team Involving volunteers Grants Advisory Committees

26. Grant Resources Preparing your proposal Making pre-proposal contact Developing consortia or cooperative relationships and subcontracts

27. How To Incorporate Advocates To Increase Grants Success Endorsement Letters Contacts Community Support Involving Existing Boards, Advisory Groups, Volunteers, and Staff Using Webbing and Linkage Information

28. Choosing the Correct Grants Marketplace Chapter Eight

29. General Grants Marketplace Information The two main sources of support for nonprofit organizations and their grant requests are Government Private philanthropy The grants area is one that does not have a political action committee or strong lobby

30. Understanding the Government Marketplace Chapter Nine

31. Types of Grants Block Grants Formula Grants Categorical Grants Contracts State Government Grants

32. Block Grants Under this program states would set their priorities and grant the federal funds to the high-priority areas and projects as they saw fit Example: Small Cities CDBG (Community Development Block Grant)

33. Formula Grants Funds are allocated according to a set of criteria Generally specific to a problem area or geographic region Must pass through an intermediary, such as a state, city or county government or a commission, before reaching the grantee. While the general guidelines are developed at the federal level, the rules are open to interpretation, and local input can significantly alter the intent of the original federal program. Formula and block grants are also easy target for elimination because it is difficult to substantiate results.

34. Categorical Grants Designed to promote proposals within a very specific, well-defined area of interest Use peer panel reviews to evaluate proposals Each federal agency has its own grant system Detailed, time consuming grant applications Most agencies are now going to on-line submissions

35. Contracts The basic difference between a grant and a contract is that a contract outlines precisely what the government wants done. Advertised differently from grants Grants—CFDA Contracts—FedBizOpps The contract game requires a successful track record and documentable expertise

36. State Government Grants While all federal funding must be listed in a database, most states do not have a database and grant seeking is much more difficult Look at the state agency websites and talk with state officials Advantages are that you don’t have to travel as far and it allows you to use your state and local politicians to make your case heard. Disadvantages are states set their own priorities and they may add additional restrictions.

37. Researching the Government Marketplace Chapter Ten

38. The Federal Grants System Requests for Proposals (RFP) Matching Requirements Other Requirements Federal Grants Research Form

39. Federal Research Tools Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) http://www.cfda.gov/ Federal Register http://www.nara.gov/fedreg/ Federal Business Opportunities http://www.fedbizopps.gov/

40. Grant Databases GrantSelect Sponsored Programs Information Network (SPIN) Illinois Researcher Information Service (IRIS) Community of Science (COS) Federal Agency Internet Mailing Lists

41. How to Contact Government Grant Sources Chapter Eleven

42. When To Make Prepropsal Contact Step 1: dissemination of and comment on the rules and regulations governing each program and comments from any interested party. The comments are published, the finalrules are printed, and the announcements of deadlines are made in such publications as the Federal Register, NIH Guide, and National Science Foundation E-Bulletin.

43. When To Make Prepropsal Contact Step 2: The federal Program officer then develops the actual application package and places it on the agency’s Web site for public access. (RFP or RFA) Step 3: The deadline for submission occurs. Step 4: Once proposals are submitted, they are reviewed, peer reviewed and evaluated and scored according to the evaluation criteria of the agency. Step 5: The notices of award and rejection are made and the cycle starts again.

44. Getting The Most From Past Grantees Who received funding in the past? Contacting a Past Grantee (what questions to ask) Did you call or go see the funding source before writing the proposal? Whom did you find most helpful on the funding source’s staff? Did you use you advocates or congressperson? Did the funding source review your idea or proposal before submission?

45. Getting The Most From Past Grantees Did you use consultants to help you on the proposal? Was there a hidden agenda to the program’s guidelines? When did you begin the process of developing your application? When did you first contact the funding source? What materials did you find most helpful in developing your proposal?

46. Getting The Most From Past Grantees Did the funding source come to see you (site visit) before or after the proposal was awarded? Who came? What did they wear? How old were they? Would you characterize them as conservative, moderate, or liberal? Did anything surprise you during their visit? How close was your initial budget to the awarded amount? Who on the funding source’s staff negotiated the budget? How did you handle matching or in-kind contributions? What would you do differently next time?

47. Understanding The Proposal Review Process Who was on the last review team? What were their credentials? What organizations were the reviewers affiliated with? How were proposals reviewed?

48. Contacting a Past Reviewer How did you get to be a reviewer? What training did you receive? Where did you review proposals? What evaluation system did you follow? What were the most common mistakes you saw? Did you meet other reviewers? How many proposals did you review? How long did you have to review the proposals? How did the funding source handle discrepancies in the point assignment? Did a staff review follow your review?

49. Telephoning, Faxing, and E-Mailing Federal and State Funding Sources Do your homework Review all available information that you have on the grant announcement Ask specific questions Don’t ask questions where the answer is already in the grant announcement Follow up

50. Making an Appointment with a Public Funding Source Official This is not always possible due to geographic location, but can beneficial Call first an try to set an appointment Try a cold call and it might result in someone seeing you right away Avoid using politicians to set a meeting up or going with you on the appointment

51. Visiting Public Funding Sources Plan for your visit What to Take Questions to ask a program Officer Making a decision to develop a proposal

52. Planning the Successful Federal Proposal Chapter Twelve

53. Documentation of Need Creating a sense of urgency depends on how well you document the need Document a real need (perceived as important) Demonstrating what ought to be (for clients) or the field of interest Creating the urgent need to close the gap by demonstrating that each day the need is not addressed the problem grows worse or that there is unnecessary suffering, confusion, and/or wasted efforts

54. What You Propose To Study Or Change Objectives outline the steps you propose to take or narrow or close the gap created in the needs statement. They follow the needs statement because they cannot be written until the needs has been documented. Remember that objectives must be measurable and you must be able to evaluate them.

55. Objectives Versus Methods Objectives tell the grantseeker and the funding source what will be accomplished by the expenditure of funds and how the change will be measured. Methods state the means to the end or change.

56. How to Write Objectives Determine result areas. Determine measurement indicators Determine performance standards Determine the time frame Determine the cost frame Write the objective Evaluate the objective

57. Methods Identify What will be done Who will do it How long it will take The materials and equipment needed

58. Methods Section Should Describe your program activities in detail and demonstrate how they will fulfill your objectives or research study Describe the sequence, flow, and interrelationship of the activities Describe the planned staffing for your program and designate who is responsible for which activities Describe your client population and method for determining client selection State a specific time frame Present a reasonable scope of activities that can be accomplished within that stated time frame with your organization’s resources Refer to the cost-benefit ratio of your project Include a discussion of risk (why success is probable) Describe the uniqueness of your methods and overall project design

59. The Project Planner Develop your budget by having you clearly define which project personnel will perform each activity for a given time frame, with the corresponding consultant services, supplies, materials, and equipment Defend you budget on an activity-by-activity basis so that you can successfully negotiate your final award Project a monthly and quarterly cash forecast for year 1, year 2 and year 3 of your proposed project Identify matching or in-kind contributions

60. Indirect Costs These are difficult to break down individually but are indirectly attributable to the performance of federal grants. Includes such items as: Heating and light Building maintenance Payroll personnel Purchasing And others These are negotiated yearly with the cognizant agency and are based on a formula

61. Budget The project planner contains all the information needed to construct the budget. SF-424A (Budget forms for non- construction projects Budget Narrative is also usually required

62. Evaluation Federal and state funding sources generally place a much heavier emphasis on evaluation than most private sources do. Enlist your local college or university (they have staff and students who can often provide services that can be mutually beneficial

63. Summary or Abstract Written after the proposal is completed The second most often read part of a proposal Serves a dual purpose Provide the peer reviewer with a clear idea of what the proposed research or project entails Provide grantseekers with an example of the type of research or project the federal agency funds An abbreviated version of your proposal

64. Title Page The title of a proposal is very important. It is the first part read by reviewers, and, if it’s not good it may be the only part read The title of your proposal should: Describe your project Express your project’s end results, not methods Describe your project’s benefits to clients Be short and easy to remember Don’t use jargon or acronyms

65. Future Funding Funding sources want to see their investment continue Ways you could continue your project Service fees Membership fees Support from agencies such as the United Way Big gift campaigns aimed at wealthy individuals An endowment program Foundation and corporate grants A direct-mail campaign Other fundraising mechanisms

66. Dissemination Let others know what you and the funding source have accomplished Consider establishing consortia You can disseminate the results of your grant by: Mailing a final report, quarterly journal, or a newsletter to others in your field Sponsoring a seminar or conference on the topic Attending a national or international conference to deliver the results of the project Produce a CD or video of the project

67. Attachments for Proposals Studies or research, tables, and graphs Vitae of key personnel Minutes of advisory committee meetings List of board members Auditor’s report or statement Letters of recommendation or endorsement Copy of your IRS tax-exempt designation Pictures or architect’s drawings Copies of your agency’s publications List of other funding sources you will approach for support

68. Writing Your Federal or State Proposal To create a winning proposal: Follow the guidelines exactly Fill in all the blanks Double-check all computations Include anything the funding source asks for, even if you think you already provided the information under another section of your proposal

69. Vocabulary Make sure that your proposal uses language appropriate to the reviewers. Shorter words are generally better than long complex ones Avoid buzzwords unless you are sure the reviewer expects them Define all acronyms

70. Writing Style Peer reviews are typically short on time so follow these tips: Use simple sentences and short paragraphs Begin each section with a strong motivating lead sentence Make sure your writing style cannot be construed as cute or offensive to the reader, Avoid stating the obvious and talking down to the reviewer Develop a user-friendly proposal

71. Visual Attractiveness To enhance the readability of your proposal and make your points stand out, use (unless stated otherwise): Underlining Bullets Different fonts Various margins and spacing Bold headings Pictures and graphics Charts and tables handwriting

72. Online Proposal Presentation The federal government is moving towards paperless applications E-grants is being used by many federal agencies

73. Improving Your Federal Proposal Chapter Thirteen

74. The Grants Quality Circle The secret to improving your federal proposal is to conduct a mock review that emulates the actual review system as closely as possible Role play the review team and pass judgment on your proposal Have review team spend the same amount of time that the real reviewers will spend evaluating the proposal Can help increase the amount of quality proposal being generated from your organization

75. Submission Chapter Fourteen

76. What To Do Submit a day or two before the deadline (avoid the last minute) Follow all instructions and every rule Review submittal requirements Complete assurance and certifications early Receive the appropriate authority to apply

77. What Not To Do Limit the use of elected officials in the grants process Do not ask for extra time beyond the submittal date Do not contact federal bureaucrats after submission

78. Other Submission Techniques Hand deliver the proposal if permissible and thank staff members for their assistance Electronic submission is where most applications are headed (requirement to have in place by 2003) Send a copy to your congressperson’s office (tell that you do not want or expect any intervention at this point)

79. Federal Grant Requirements Chapter Fifteen

80. Federal Grants Requirement Worksheet See page 158 in Bauer book

81. Raising and Documenting Matching Funds An organization can be asked to supply either cash, services, or facilities to match a percentage of the grant. This requirement may change over the years that federal support is provided for the project. Worksheet on page 160

82. Federal Grants Management Circulars http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/gr ants/ http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/gr ants/ There are different circulars for different entities Government: A-102 Education, Non-profits and Hospitals: A-110

83. Dealing with the Decision of Public Funding Sources Chapter Sixteen

84. Streamlining the Process Accepted Accepted with modifications rejected

85. Accepted Thank the grantor Request the reviewers’ comments, nd include a self- addressed label for the funding source’s convenience Ask the federal official for insight into what you could have done better Invite the program or project officer for a site visit Ask the official what mistakes successful grantees often make in carrying out their funded grant so that you can avoid these errors.

86. Accepted With Budget Modifications Send the funding source a thank you letter Call the funding source and suggest that the program officer refer to your project planner to negotiate budget terms Discuss the option fo eliminating some of the project’s methods or activities. If several activities must be eliminated, consider dropping the accomplishment of an objective or reducing the expected degree of change If you are forced to negotiate away the supporting structure necessary to achieve your objectives, be prepared to turn down the funds.

87. Rejected Send the funding official a thank you letter in appreciation for his or her time and effort as well as that of the reviewers and staff. Tell them you would appreciate any assistance in reapplying Request reviewers’ comments. Enclose a self-addressed label for their convenience Ask the funding official for his or her suggestions Find out whether your proposal could possibly be funded as a pilot project, as a needs assessment, or in some other way Ask whether there are any ways the funding source could assist you in getting ready for the next submission cycle, such as conducting a preliminary review. Ask whether it would be wise for you to reapply Ask whether you could become a reviewer to learn more about the review process.

88. Follow-Up with Government Funding Sources Chapter Seventeen

89. Follow-up To position yourself as an asset to funding sources and not as a pest To develop relationships and maintain contacts throughout the grants process Also consider: Forwarding them notes on special articles or books Invite them to visit your organization Asking them to speak at your professional group Asking them what meeting or conferences they will be attending so that you can look them up Requesting information about what you can do to have an impact on legislation affecting their funding levels or allocations

90. Developing Continued Grant Support Repeat the steps that have brought you to this point Maintain a systematic approach to recording research on funding sources and contact information

91. Understanding the Private Foundation Marketplace Chapter Eighteen

92. Foundations There are approximately 60,000 private foundations. Of the 60,000 foundations, it is estimated that 2,000 or less have a dedicated office, and that the total number of foundation employees is less than 2,000. Less than 2,000 foundations have Web sites and, of these, only a few accept online transmittal of proposals. Foundations granted $26.9 billion in 2002. The largest 1,000 foundations made $12 billion in grants— almost one-half of the $26 billion. Of the $26 billion in foundation grants, there were approximately 125,000 grant awards for over $10,000. Grants of lesser amounts were too numerous to count.

93. Types of Foundations National General Purpose Foundations Special Purpose Foundations Community Foundations Family Foundations Nonprofit Organizations, Membership Groups, Professional Societies, and Service Clubs

94. National General Purpose Foundations Refers to the foundation’s scope and type of granting pattern Have a philanthropic interest in several subject areas and make grants for proposals that will have a broad- scale impact across the United States and the world Prefer model projects that can be replicated They usually have longer applications and more rules and regulations There are approximately 200 in existence Examples include: Rockefeller and Ford Foundations

95. Special Purpose Foundations Define their area of concern quite specifically Grant sizes can be considerable and these foundations put the applicant’s likelihood of making a contribution in their area of concern foremost They key to success here is to match your project with the foundation;s specific area of interest and to demonstrate how your project will impact it.

96. Community Foundations In 1999, there were 582 community foundations in the United States. They are easy to describe because their name denotes the area that they serve They fund projects and programs that no other type of foundation would consider supporting They exist to deal with community needs They are more interested in supporting the replication of successful projects than in taking chances with experimental approaches

97. Family Foundations Account for approximately one-half of the 60,000 foundations Represent the values of family members whose interests have been memorialized by the creation of the foundation Granting patterns vary widely from foundation to foundation and change frequently Three-fifths of all family foundations have assets of $1 million or less and most fund locally and in small amounts

98. Nonprofit Organizations, Membership Groups, Professional Societies, and Service Clubs Awards are usually small and limited to a special field of interest Typically short and easy to complete applications They often provide funding for things that the other four types of foundations would not consider supporting Most interested in funding things that will improve their image and the image of their members in their community

99. Types of Investments Made by Private Foundations Cash grant or award Do not make grants to individuals except in the form of scholarships and even those may be made through institutions Prefer to deal with the 501 c 3 Program Related Investment (PRIs) a new and growing alternative to cash grants and awards Used to support affordable housing and community development Preserving historical buildings Protecting and preserving open space and wildlife habitats

100. Grantseekers’ Private Foundation Decision Matrix Table page 174 Break project into fundable parts Look at your proposal from the grantor’s point of view

101. Who and What Private Foundations Fund Recipient CategoryPercent of Foundation Grants Education25.3% Human Services17.2% Health16.2% Arts/Culture12.1% Public/Society Benefit12.1% Environment/Animals6.1% Science/Technology3.0% International3.0% Religion3.0% Social Science2.0%

102. Researching Potential Private Foundations Grantors Chapter Nineteen

103. How to Find the Foundation That Is Best Suited to Fund Your Project Complete the Foundation Research Form It will allow you to determine, in advance, likely preferences and biases you will encounter if you are lucky enough to arrange an in-person meeting. It will make it easier to locate links between your organization and a funding source

104. Foundation Funding Source Research Tools The Foundation Directory The Foundation Grants Index Internal Revenue Service Tax Returns The Foundation Center Electronic Retrieval and Database Searches Foundation Web Sites and the Internet http://www.fdncenter.org/

105. Contracting a Private Foundation Before Submission Chapter Twenty

106. How To Contact Private Foundation Grantors Contacting the private foundation before you write your proposal will help you validate your research and gather additional information about the grantor’s priorities and interests. Contact can be made by: Contact by Letter Contact by Telephone The Visit

107. Sample Questions Would you advise us which one of our approaches looks most interesting to you? Last year you funded our type of project at the ___ level. Will this remain consistent? Will the deadlines remain the same as last year? Does and early submittal of a proposal help? How are proposals reviewed by your foundation? Are there more current granting priorities? What do you think of submitting more than one proposal in a funding cycle? Is the amount we are requesting realistic in light of your current goals? Have you ever provided grant support jointly with another funding source and, if so, is that approach appropriate here? Would you look over our proposal before formal submission? May I see a proposal you have funded that you think is well written?

108. Applying for Private Foundation Funds Chapter Twenty-One

109. Constructing A Letter Proposal An introductory paragraph stating the reason for writing A paragraph explaining why the grantor was selected A needs paragraph A solution paragraph A uniqueness paragraph A request for funds paragraph A closing paragraph Signatures Attachments, if allowed

110. Introductory Paragraph State your reason for writing to the funding source Mention your link to the grantor

111. Why the Grantor Was Selected You want to demonstrate in this paragraph that you have taken the time to research the funding source’s interests and that your proposal will address an issue that has been a concern of the grantor’s.

112. Needs Paragraph Select the components of the need that will most likely convince the grantor that the gap between what is and what ought to be must be closed immediately. The need must be more compelling than you competition to keep the reader interested

113. Solution Paragraph A brief description of the approach you propose to use to solve the problem. Ask yourself the following questions: How much does the reader really need to know? Will the reader understand my plan? Will the words used in the description of my solution be familiar to the reader? Is all the information included critical to convincing the funder that I have a sound, worthwhile plan, or am I including some of it just for myself?

114. Uniqueness Paragraph You want to assure the grantor that your organization is the best choice for implementing the solution Choose credibility builders that will convince the grantor that you have the commitment, staff, skill, buildings, and equipment to do the job.

115. Request for Funds Paragraph Show you have done your homework by requesting funds that are or are close to the grantor’s average size award for your area of interest. Mention other support is the grantor’s funds will not cover all the project costs. Consider the effect of your project over several years and calculate a cost per person served or affected by the project.

116. Closing Paragraph Use this as a tool to show your willingness to provide any further documentation or information the funding source may desire. Provide your contact information to the grantor to answer any questions they might have. Include your organization’s 501 c 3 designation here.

117. Signatures Since this represents an agreement between your organization and the grantor, the individual who hold rank and authority should sign it. Include a board member’s signature as well. The purpose of these signatures is to provide the proposal with legal commitment and credibility.

118. Attachments, if Allowed Most foundations do not allow any kind of attachments to accompany proposals. Give the impression in you proposal that you do have additional information to provide if asked. Don’t include too much material because it may reduce the likelihood that your proposal will be read.

119. Proposal Submission, the Decision, and Follow-up Chapter Twenty-one

120. Private Foundation Funding Sources Deadline dates for Private foundation funding must be taken just as seriously as those of government sources. Send proposals certified mail and be sure to obtain a signed receipt. Some foundations have on-line submission requirements. After submitting your proposal, minimize personal contact so as to avoid being pushy.

121. The decision and Follow-up Private foundations are generally more prompt than government funders at letting you know their decision regarding your proposal.

122. If you are funded Send a thank you letter to the funding source. Find out the payment procedures. Check on what reporting procedures the funding source may have. Ask if they will conduct a site visit. Ask for feedback on you proposal.

123. If your proposal is turned down Send a thank you letter to the funding source thanking them for reviewing your proposal. Remind the funder how important their funds are. Ask for helpful comments on your proposal and whether the funding source would look favorably on resubmission with certain changes. Ask the funder if they have any other suggestions on other sources that might be interested in your project.

124. Understanding the Corporate Marketplace Chapter Twenty-three

125. Corporate Investment Mechanisms Corporate Contributions Program Corporate Foundations Marketing Research Program

126. Researching Potential Corporate Grantors Chapter Twenty-four

127. How to Find the Corporate Funding Source That is Best Suited to Fund Your Project What major corporations could be affected by your project? Are there any major industry specific associations or membership groups that fund research or projects in your field? Check with your grant office and development for approvals.

128. Sources of Information on Corporate Support The Foundation Center National Directory of Corporate Giving Corporate Foundation Profiles Corporate Giving Directory Dun & Bradstreet’s Million Dollar Directory Standard & Poor’s Register of Corporations, Directors, and Executives Who’s Who in America

129. Contacting a Corporate Grantor Before Submission Chapter Twenty-five

130. Methods of Contact Contact by Telephone The Visit Corporate Grantor Report Form

131. Applying for Corporate Funds Chapter Twenty-six

132. What to include Introductory Paragraph Why the grantor was selected Needs Paragraph Solution Paragraph Uniqueness Paragraph Request for Funds Paragraph Closing Paragraph Signatures Attachments, if allowed

133. Proposal Submission, the Decision, and Follow-up Chapter Twenty-seven

134. Corporate Grantors Submission The decision Rejected Awarded Follow-up

135. List of Resources Government Grant Research Aids Foundation Grant Research Aids Corporate Grant Research Aids Government, Foundation, and Corporate Grant Resources Electronic Resources