1. Lower back pain =요통

2. <1> Lumbar spine

3. Lordosis

4. Lumbar spine

5. Body ring

6. Spinal cord

7. Cauda equina

8. Electrical system

9. Spinal segment

10. Intervertebral disc

11. Facet joint

12. Neutral foramen

13. Lumbar thick ligament

14. Muscle of the low back

15. <2> Cause 1. Degeneration - small cracks and tears
- arthritis in the facet joints
- squeezes

16. - small cracks and tears
- arthritis in the facet joints
- squeezes

17. 2. Mechanical and Neurogenic Pain
1) Mechanical pain

18. 2) Neurogenic pain

19. 3. Spine Conditions
annular tears
internal disc disruption
herniated disc
facet joint arthritis
segmental instability
spinal stenosis
foraminal stenosis

20. 1) Annular tear

21. 2) Internal disc disruption

22. 3) herniated disc

23. 4) Facet joint arthritis

24. 5) Segmental instability

25. Spondylolysis

26. Spondylolisthesis

27. 6) Spinal stenosis

28. 7) Foraminal stenosis

29. Scoliosis

31. Kyphosis

32. Lordosis

33. <3> Symptoms low back pain
pain spreading into the buttocks and thighs
pain radiating from the buttock to the foot
back stiffness and reduced range of motion
muscle weakness in the hip, thigh, leg, or foot
sensory changes (numbness, prickling, or tingling) in the leg, foot, or toes

34. This is an emergency

35. <4> Diagonsis
Radiological Imaging
가. X-ray

36. 나.MRI (magnetic resonance
imaging)

37. 다. Myelogram

38. 라. Discogram

39. 마. 기타
CT(computed tomography)
Bone scane
EMG
Laboratory Tests

40. <5> Treatment Nonsurgical Treatment 가. Bed rest 나. Back brace
다. Medication
라. Physical therapy and exercise
바. Injection

41. 2. Surgery
가. Laminectomy

42. 나. Discectomy

43. 다. Lumbar Fusion

46. <6> Rehabilitation
1. Nonsurgical Rehabilitation

47. 2. After Surgery

48. Neck pain

49. <1> Cervical spine

50. Cervical curve

51. Vertebral body

52. Body ring, Nerve root

53. Spinal segment

54. Intervertebral disc

55. Cervical facet joint

56. Cervical neural foramina

57. <2> Causes of neck pain
Spondylosis
Degenerative Disc Disease

58. 3. Muscle Strain
4. Mechanical Neck Pain

59. 5. Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve)
- Degeneration
- Herniated Disc
- Spinal Instability

60. 6. Spinal Stenosis (Cervical Myelopathy)

61. Torticolis

63. <3> Symptoms neck pain headaches
pain spreading into the upper back or down the arm
neck stiffness and reduced range of motion
muscle weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand
sensory changes (numbness, prickling, or tingling) in the forearm, hand, or fingers

64. <4> Diagnosis Radiological Imaging 가. X-rays 나. MRI 다. CT scan
라. Myelogram
마. Bone Scan
바. Other Tests
- EMG
- Laboratory test

65. <5> Treatment Nonsurgical Treatment Medications Soft Neck Collar
Ice and Heat Applications
Physical Therapy
Injections

66. 2. Surgery
가. foraminotomy

67. 나. laminectomy

68. 다. Discectomy

69. 라. Cervical Fusion