1. Procgen Chaz Pratt 11/3/2009

2. overview What is procgen? What we tried? What worked? What didn’t? Try again?

3. background Procgen is a production system L-Systems, Shape Grammars Symbols and rules Rules operate on symbols to produce more symbols Give up eventually Procgen goes a step beyond generating geometry by abstracting gameplay objects into symbols and populating a level based on user specified design rules.

4. what we tried Oct – Dec 08 Lua implementation, C++ integration Runtime random arena levels

5. what we shipped

6. procgen overview Rule Set: Objects, Variables, Rules Conversion to a Lua table “Instance” these tables and generate. Resolve the object list Play what you have made

7. rule set

8. rule set tunning Variables in the rule set are meant to provide a high level method for tweaking the fun of a level while the rules define the theme or core of what the level will be like. In rcf2 the variables were adjustable via the excel config spreadsheet so there was no need to adjust the rule set every time a tweak was needed. Two instances of the same rule set with different input parameters can produce very different levels

9. lua table Each rule set is formed into a Lua table containing tables that hold the needed components Identifier, Object Types, Object list, Variables, Rules Each rule is a Lua function that takes a rule instance table and an object to modify

10. lua table

11. instancing Using Lua coroutines (threads) two identical rule sets could be running at the same time Rules sets can be recursive or run concurrently so each evaluation of a rule set uses a its own table

12. progen:run The actual procgen engine was written in Lua Each rule begins at the front of the object list and executes on each object. If the conditions of the rule are satisfied it may remove, alter or use this object to generate new objects. These objects are added to the front or end of the list depending on the rule Objects appended to the list will also be evaluated by the current rule. When the rule reaches the end of the list the next rule begins. If no rules are left, the generation process terminates.

13. progen:run

14. procgen:resolve Each object in the list has a unique type that is explicitly defined by its name. During resolution this name is used to find a corresponding resolution function which will be called to add that object to the game If no function is found that object will silently fail to take form in the game. Type Floor will search for ProcGen.FloorRes( gen, obj ) Resolution generally results in calling a C function that creates the specific object in our engine

15. what went right? Procgen was able to create in some base form all elements of gameplay attempted in ratchet: platforming, enemies, hazards, grind rails Simple arena challenges could be laid out in a day or two. Highly structured variability. Had the ability to duplicate nearly all of the final challenges found in the final game.

16. what went wrong? Everything else? Time and resources – extremely limited support, rcf2 over budget... something had to be sacrificed Dynamic creation of objects that are expected to be set up in tools EVERYTHING IS A MOBY Lighting, Nav, Colision, etc

17. mobies The basic geometry never evolved past a 1m cube scaled for collision and using igFXUtil to draw sufaces No easy way to make static gemoetry Jigsaw puzzles of mobies Very restrictive Moby limits For procgen to be utilized at runtime we need an engine that better supports the creation or spawning of static geometry.

18. Other dynamic objects Path, Volumes, Clues – intended to be added in Luna Outdated or broken spawning functions Navmesh – our engine needs a way to dynamically spawn navmesh if there are going to be dynamically created components of the world. More use of dynamic lighting and spawning lights from code would be a plus (not fully explored) If it is used by gameplay there needs to be a convenient and fast way to spawn it at runtime.

19. future applications Generate parts of the game that we want to be highly variable such as in rcf2 Create an ip that supports a primarily generated game Use this tech to generate worlds offline that can be tweaked afterwards and saved Use this to create flexible expansions of our tools to accomplish redundant task. ie crate stacks

20. ??? Questions?