Download presentation
1
Periodic Table of Elements
2
Color Code the Periodic Table:
Metals: blue Nonmetals: yellow Metalloids: green
3
Review- How to read a square
Each element is identified by the number of protons Each square on the table includes: How to find the number of neutrons = (atomic mass – atomic number) How to find the number of protons and electrons = atomic number
4
The Periodic Table There are about 115 elements that have been discovered, 92 of which occur in nature. Elements are arranged on the periodic table.
5
Dmitri Mendeleev Created the first periodic table of elements based on repeating properties in 1869 Every time the properties started to repeat, he started a new row on the table
6
How the Table is Arranged
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and by their properties in the periodic table. Remember: Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus Atomic Mass is the number of protons plus neutrons is in an atom The atomic number of neon is 10. There are 10 protons in a neon atom. The atomic number of sodium is 11.There are 11 protons in a sodium atom.
7
Rows are Called Periods
Each horizontal (left to right) row of elements is called a period. There are 7 horizontal periods in the table Physical and chemical properties in a period change from left to right (go from metal, to metalloid, to nonmetal) Think of it as a sentence… you read left to right and you have a period at the end of a sentence. Periods go left to right!
8
Columns are Called Groups
Each vertical (up and down) column of elements is called a group. There are 18 vertical groups in the table. Elements in the same group have the same chemical and physical properties.
9
Classes of Elements Elements are classified into 3 categories: Metals
Non-metals Metalloids The zig-zag line on the periodic table will help you recognize which elements belong in which category Metals, nonmetals, metalloids
11
Metals Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line
Most metals are solid at room temperature Properties of metals: Shiny Flexible (can be shaped without shattering) Good conductors of electricity
12
Nonmetals Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag line
More than half of the nonmetals are gases at room temperature. Properties of nonmetals: (opposite of metals) Not shiny Not flexible Poor conductors of electricity
13
Metalloids Metalloids are the elements that border the zigzag line
Metalloids have some properties of both metals and nonmetals. Ex. Tellurium is shiny but not flexible, so it can not be shaped. Metalloids are also called semiconductors
14
Grouping the Elements Element Funkiness
15
Group 1: Alkali Metals Alkali metals are the most reactive metals
They Blow up in water! Properties: softness color of silver shininess low density
16
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Very reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals Properties: Color of silver Higher densities than alkali metals See these guys in action!
17
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Less reactive than Alkaline Earth Metals Shared properties: shininess good conductors of electricity higher densities
18
Group 17: Halogens Most reactive nonmetals Properties:
Poor conductors of electric current Most are toxic! Ready for more fireworks??!
19
Group 18: Noble Gases The most un-reactive elements on the table.
Contain nonmetals Properties: colorless, odorless gases at room temperature Noble Gases in Balloons! Noble= too good to interact with the other elements (peasants)
20
Put it all together…. Brain pop- periodic table
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.