1. Bacteria and Archaeabacteria
Objectives:
Identify two domains of prokaryotes.
Describe the physical features that are used to classify prokaryotes.
Explain how prokaryotes reproduce.
Describe ways that prokaryotes are helpful to humans.

2. Review Vocabulary Eukaryote Prokaryote
Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
Antibiotics
Vaccines

3. List the five kingdoms from least complex to most complex
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
What is the only kingdom with organisms that are prokaryotes ?

4. How are living things classified?
Living things are grouped into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota.
Archaea and Bacteria are both prokaryotes.
Eukaryota includes the protists, fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms.

5. What are the key characteristics of Archaea and Bacteria?
Diverged from bacteria very early
Related to both bacteria and eukaryotes.
Many live in the most extreme environments known as “extremophiles.”
Bacteria
Differ from archaea in cell structure and chemical make- up.

6. How can we classify bacteria according to physical shape?
Spherical: “cocci”
Rod-shaped: “bacili”
Spiral-shaped: “spirochetes”

7. What are the parts of bacteria?

8. How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fission: DNA copies move to the opposite ends of the cell as the cell splits in the middle.
Much simpler than mitosis.
Creates clones (genetically similar).
Binary fission is the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Bacteria are able to copy themselves every 20 minutes going from 1 cell to 68 billion cells in 12 hours.

9. How are prokaryotes helpful to humans?
Bioremediation: treatment of sewage.
ex. Pseudomonas is used to clean up oil spills.
Creation of vitamins and antibiotics by raising bacteria.
Chemical Recycling: breakdown of organic waste products and dead organisms.
ex. Cyanobacteria restore oxygen in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to nitrogen compounds plants can use.

10. Exit Slip 1. Identify two domains of prokaryotes.
2. Identify and explain one way prokaryotes are helpful to humans.
3. Based on your independent variables identify and explain 2 ways that humans defend against bacterial diseases.