3.  First in our survey of life in ocean  Devoted to marine microorganisms › Most abundant › Live everywhere in the ocean  From the deepest trenches  To the highest tide pools

4.  Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic › Cells lack a nucleus and other membrane- bound organelles

5.  Differences: › Chemistry of cell walls and plasma membranes › Cellular machinery that manufactures proteins

6.  Symbiotic bacteria › Digests wood ingested by shipworms (Teredo),

7. Symbiotic bacteria › Shipworms  Are bivalve molluscs, not worms  Lack cellulase – enzyme that breaks down cellulose, main component of wood

8. Symbiotic bacteria  Bioluminescence › To communicate with other members of their species › Lure prey › Blend with the light that filters from the surface

9. Symbiotic bacteria  Bioluminescence

10.  Macropinna microstoma: A deep-sea fish with a transparent head and tubular eyes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RM9o4VnfHJU&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ

11. Symbiotic bacteria  Chemosynthetic  bacteria is symbiotic with mussels, clams, and tube worms that live around deep-sea hydrothermal vents › Manufacture organic matter from CO 2 and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) from the vents. › Symbiotic bacteria live in a special organ of tube worm Riftia

12. Symbiotic bacteria  Chemosynthetic bacteria is symbiotic with mussels, clams, and tube worms that live around deep-sea hydrothermal vents

13. Symbiotic bacteria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGv2QxmaRI0&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ

14. Symbiotic bacteria  Japanese pufferfish › Delicacy in Japan; “fugu” › Store toxins http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/fish-animals/spiny-rayed-fish/pufferfish/ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/fish-animals/spiny-rayed-fish/pufferfish/  Toxins produced by symbiotic bacteria not the fish  Fish immune to toxins  Toxins deadly to predators (or humans) who eat the fish.

15. Autotrophic bacteria Make their own food  Photosynthetic  Chemosynthetic

16. Autotrophic bacteria Make their own food  Photosynthetic › Contain chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments to capture sunlight to make food (like seaweeds and plants)

17. Cyanobacteria  Once known as blue-green algae  Photosynthetic › Pigments  Chlorophyll – green  Phycocyanin – bluish  Phycoerythrin – reddish  Carry out nitrogen fixation › Converting gaseous nitrogen (N 2 ) into other nitrogen compounds that can be used by other primary producers

18. Stromatolites, calcareous mounds deposited by cyanobacteria are frequently found as fossils. These, however, are living stromatolites growing in shallow water in the Exuma Cays, Bahama Islands.

20. Animal-like Plant-like

21.  Diatoms  Dinoflagellates

22. Diatoms  Unicellular  Live as plankton  Cell walls made of silica (SiO 2 ), glass-like material › Used in products: filters for swimming pools, temperature and sound insulators, abrasives in toothpaste  Primary producers in open water

23. Dinoflagellates  Planktonic, unicellular organisms.  Two flagella › One wrapped around a groove along the middle of the cell › One trailing free  Have a cell wall that is armored  Mostly autotrophs, some heterotrophic  Some bioluminescent

24. Animal-like protists  Foraminiferans  Radiolarians  Ciliates

25. Foraminiferans  Shell made of calcium carbonate  Most benthic  Some planktonic › Shells important components of marine sediment  Pseudopodia (extensions of cytoplasm) for movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5cetm-fj3Y&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ

26. Radiolarians  Shells made primarily of silica (glass)  Sediments cover large area of ocean floor.

27. Ciliates  Have many hair-like cilia used in locomotion and feeding.  Most familiar – paramecium http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGpudS9IjHg&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGpudS9IjHg&edufilter=DQBPVNZ5nlfNZmzO0OgIrQ

28. General Structure: seaweed vs land plant

29.  Thallus - name for entire structure  Blades – photosynthetic region of thallus; leaf-like, but lacks veins  Pneumatocysts – gas filled bladders; keeps blades close to surface  Stipe – stem-like structure from which blade orginates  Holdfast – anchors thallus to bottom

30. General Structure: seaweed vs land plant

31. Types of Seaweed  Green algae/Chlorophyta › Largely unicellular › Non-marine; freshwater habitat › Bright-green due to large amounts of chlorophyll; also contains carotenoid pigments (yellow- brown)

32. Types of Seaweed  Green algae  Brown algae  Red algae

33. Types of Seaweed  Brown algae  Includes largest and most structurally complex seaweeds › Chlorophyll found together with carotenoids

34. Types of Seaweed  Red algae › Largest group › Chlorophyll masked by red pigment; also contains carotenoids

35. Economic Importance FOOD Have you had algae for dinner? Algin Carrageenan Beta carotene

36. Brownie mix Cheese (yellow and orange) Chocolate milk Coffee creamer Cottage cheese Egg substitute Evaporated milk Frozen foods and desserts Frozen yogurt Ice cream Infant Formula Margarine Mayonnaise Multiple vitamins Pet food Pudding (cooked) Relishes Salad dressing Sauces and gravies Sour cream Toothpaste Whipped cream Yogurt Cheese (yellow and orange)

37. If you have used any of those products, You have likely eaten ALGAE

39. Almost all flowering plants or angiosperms live on land EXCEPT three groups:  Seagrasses  Salt-Marsh plants  Mangroves

40. Seagrasses  Truly marine  Rarely exposed to air

41. Salt-marsh plants  Land plant  Salt tolerant  Grow soft-bottom coastal regions

42. Mangroves  Land plant  Salt tolerant  Grow along shore

43. Reproduction  Involves a dominant sporophyte › Features an elaborate reproductive organ, the flower.