1. Bell Ringer What are some just and unjust rules here Rocky? Why are these just and unjust and how would you productively change them?

2. Bell Ringer List the historical documents we discussed last class period. Then, write down a couple of words to help you remember each document.

3. Origins of American Government

4. The English colonists in America brought with them three main concepts: Basic Concepts of Government The need for ordered government.The need for ordered government. The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful.The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful. The concept of representative government, a government that serves the will of the people.The concept of representative government, a government that serves the will of the people.

5. Landmark English Documents MAGNA CARTA ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1 st attempt to limit absolute power of the king1 st attempt to limit absolute power of the king 1 st system of checks and balances1 st system of checks and balances Protection from the KingProtection from the King

6. The English Colonies “13 schools of government” “13 schools of government” All unique characteristics shaped by English origins All unique characteristics shaped by English origins Three different Charters: Three different Charters: 1.Royal Colonies Bicameral Bicameral 2.Proprietary Colonies Unicameral Unicameral 3.Charter Colonies

7. The Stamp Act Congress 1765 - a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York. 1765 - a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York. Delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king. Delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king. The Albany Plan 1754 - Benjamin Franklin proposes Plan 1754 - Benjamin Franklin proposes Plan Annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed Annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed Growing Colonial Unity Early Attempts In 1643, several New England settlements formed the New England Confederation. In 1643, several New England settlements formed the New England Confederation. A confederation is a joining of several groups for a common purpose. A confederation is a joining of several groups for a common purpose.

8. First Continental Congress The colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III. The colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III. The delegates urged colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed, or recalled. The delegates urged colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed, or recalled.

9. In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia. In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia. The Second Continental Congress served as the first government of the United States from 1776 to 1781. The Second Continental Congress served as the first government of the United States from 1776 to 1781. Second Continental Congress

10. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. American Independence

12. The Articles of Confederation Powers Congress was given the power to declare war, deal with national finance issues, and settle disputes among the States. Obligations The States promised to obey Congress, and to respect the laws of the other States. Most other powers were retained by each State.

14. A Call for a Stronger Government Representatives from Maryland and Virginia met at Mount Vernon, Virginia, in 1785 to discuss trade issues. Representatives from Maryland and Virginia met at Mount Vernon, Virginia, in 1785 to discuss trade issues. The meeting was so successful that the Virginia General Assembly requested a meeting of all thirteen States, which eventually became the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. The meeting was so successful that the Virginia General Assembly requested a meeting of all thirteen States, which eventually became the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

15. Leaders of the Philadelphia Convention James Madison was the co- author of the Articles of Confederation. James Madison was the co- author of the Articles of Confederation. Gouverneur Morris was a lawyer who helped develop the U.S. system of money. Gouverneur Morris was a lawyer who helped develop the U.S. system of money. Alexander Hamilton was a lawyer who favored a strong central government. Alexander Hamilton was a lawyer who favored a strong central government. George Washington was the successful leader of the Continental Army. George Washington was the successful leader of the Continental Army. Some famous leaders who were NOT at the Philadelphia Convention  Patrick Henry said he “smelt a rat” and refused to attend.  Samuel Adams and John Hancock were not selected as delegates by their states.  Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine were in Paris. John Adams was on diplomatic missions to England and Holland. John Adams was on diplomatic missions to England and Holland.

16. Exit Ticket List 4 key events led up to the Declaration of Independence?

17. Exit Ticket What events made it difficult to finalize the Declaration?

18. Bell ringer Why was it “too late to apologize”?

19. Bell Ringer What is an ideal of government located in the Declaration of Independence?