1. The third dimension in GIS: Practical issues and Future trends Presented during CSI-2011 at Ahmedabad on 02 Dec. 2011 Dr. PK Srivastava MD, GeoSpatial Delhi Ltd

2. Overview Definitions Data sources and examples Visualisation of elevation

3. Definition of height

4. Direction of vertical

5. Deflection of the vertical

6. Data sources and examples Global topography CartoDEM LunarDEM Laser mapping

7. Global topography

8. National DEM from Cartosat-1 Study team considered three approaches : –Approach 1,2 COTS-based, –Approach 3 Indigenous (2006) using Augmented SST & High Density image matching (Approved) Refined specifications & Objective: ~10m DEM seamless homogenous with coregistered 2.5m orthoimage –Segment-based production (ASST) –Strip-level mosaicing –Quality Verification & Editing –Tile archival & Dissemination Ortho-Image Hilly Terrain Near Jammu DEM

9. DEM REPRESENTATION OF SONAMARG AREA IN SRINAGAR

10. Perspective view of Sonamarg

11. DEM generated for Himalayan region using new image matching algorithm LEGEND SSTS run using GCPS collected from neighboring segment Not processed Outside India Completed Note : SSTS in the southern generated using GCPL library (pink color in this region represents non availability of cloud free data )

12. LunarDEM and Lunar Mapping

13. Part of Mare Orientale OrthoimageColor Coded DEMContour Image Strip width: 20 km Strip length: 65 km

14. Ortho-Image, DEM and Color Coded DEM Orbit Number: 798; DOP: 13 Jan. 2009 -8000 Km 8000 Km Ortho DEMColor Coded DEM Detailed View 0 3 Km Height Range: - 4386 to + 4120 m

15. LiDAR LiDAR is technology that uses lasers to measure objects Each beam hitting the ground returns the X, Y and Z (elevation) coordinate at that location Accuracy of each position is accurate within centimeters

16. Aerial coverage

17. LiDAR coverage

18. Visualisation of Elevation Cartographic presentations Contours Built up area models in GIS

19. Colorcoded Raster DEM

20. Hillshade Elevation raster with hillshade

21. Slope Slope identifies the steepest downhill slope for a location on a surface Higher the slope value, the steeper the terrain Slope can be expressed as degrees or percent Formula: Percent Slope = (Rise/Run) * 100 Slope approaches ∞ as the angle reaches 90° An example: 100’ (100/100) * 100 = 100% Slope 45° 100’

22. Percent slope Percent slope with hillshade

23. Slope Variations in color result from hillshade Percent slope with hillshade

24. Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions Percent slope with hillshade

25. Aspect Defined Aspect is the direction that a slope or hill faces Potentially significant as a restoration tool to identify species appropriate for certain faces

26. Aspect Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions Percent slope with hillshade

27. Aspect Percent slope viewed in 3-dimensions Percent slope with hillshade

28. Contours

29. Digital Elevation Models 888.40890.32891.78891.38892.78893.81 887.50889.10890.36890.21893.47892.57 884.75887.85888.45887.78890.40892.59 885.35886.12884.35886.52891.54894.75 888.37887.30886.67888.55898.40895.54 5’ 898.40884.52884.32889.54896.35895.35 0’ 5’

30. Digital Elevation Models 893.81891.78 892.78 890.32 891.38 888.4 888.40890.32891.78891.38892.78893.81 893.47 892.57 890.36 890.21 889.1 887.5 887.50889.10890.36890.21893.47892.57 892.59 894.75 890.898. 888.45 887.85 900 4 887.78 884.75887.85888.45887.78890.40892.59 895.54 884.75 891.54 896.35 886.12 895 885.35886.12884.35886.52891.54894.75 886.52 885.38 895.35 88.3 A 888.55 884.35 887.3 886.67 7 890 888.37887.30886.67888.55898.40895.54 889.54 B 888.4 898.40884.52884.32889.54896.35 884.52 885 895.35 884.32 C D Elevation grid 880 E 875 F 2 3 4 5 6 Extrusion of grid values

31. Digital Elevation Models 888.40890.32891.78891.38892.78893.81 887.50889.10890.36890.21893.47892.57 900 884.75887.85888.45887.78890.40892.59 895 885.35886.12884.35886.52891.54894.75 A 890 888.37887.30886.67888.55898.40895.54 B 885 898.40884.52884.32889.54896.35895.35 C 880 Elevation grid D E 875 2 3 F 5 6 Continuous elevation surface

32. White model

33. Generic model

34. Textured model

35. Gopaldas.avi

36. Thank You Author can be contacted at md.gsdl@nic.in

37. 1,000,000 Graticule extent (LCC/TM) with 1 :250k Grids 1:1000,000 1:250,000 Polar Stereographic Projection for latitudes between 70 and90

39. Typical Chandrayaan-1 Topo Ortho-image Map

40. Part of PLASKETT Crater Viewed by Chandrayaan-1 TMC from 200 km Orbit No.:2714; DOP: 22-06-2009; Ascending FORE NADIRAFT Detailed View 0 4 Km

41. Mandate - To Design, Develop, Procure and Integrate Hardware and Software for a complete INSAT Data Processing facility at IMD, Delhi KALPANA-1 & INSAT- 3A ( VHRR & CCD) Installed and operational at BES & IMD on 24 x 7 (SAT Completed) Data Acquisition and Quick Look Display Data Products Generation Geophysical Parameters (AMV,OLR,UTH,QPE,CMV/WVWV, SST, AOD, NDVI) INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System(IMDPS)

42. IMDPS Activity Schedule INSAT 3D Design Review for DAQLS and DP elements: Jan 2007 ATBD for 21 Geo-physical parameters completed : Mar 2007 Discussion on GPR (with IMD) iscompleted : Dec 2008 All Procurements of Target Hardware including SIDS : Completed  Hardware Shipment to IMD (DAQLS, DPPR): Completed  DAQLS (K1,3A): Completed  UPS Installation at IMD : Completed  Networking at IMD : Completed  System Procurement & Installation at IMD: Completed Infrastructure Readiness at IMD: Ready Algorithm Theoretical Basis Definition (ATBD) : Completed Design Review & Prototype development : Completed INSAT 3D Software Development : In final stages Factory Acceptance (FAT) at SAC: Completed System Integration and SAT (K1,3A): Completed Software & Hardware Training : completed Operationalization at IMD (24 x 7): Completed (K1 & 3A) SAT at IMD with INSAT-3D: Launch + 6 Months GP Products Validation : 3A/K1 : In Progress

43. Switch to Demo of Terrain visualisation This software is developed in-house by carrying out low level programming of graphics card as a visualisation and analysis tool