1. Chapters 6,7,8
Health

2. Chapter 6, Section 1
The Integrated Body

3. The Integrated Body
No body system can function all alone without help from other body systems
The process of the body’s striving to maintain constant internal conditions is called homeostasis.
Homeostasis- staying the same

4. Definitions
Body systems- groups of related organs that work together to perform major body functions
Cells- the smallest units in which independent life can exist
Genes- the unit of cell’s inheritance, which directs the making of equipment to do the cell’s work

5. Definitions
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- the genetic material of cells which serve as a blueprint for making all of the proteins a cell needs to make exact copies of itself

6. Benefits of Nutrition
Chapter 7, Section 1

7. Definitions Nutrients Nutrient Deficiencies Malnutrition
Compounds in food that body requires for proper growth
Nutrient Deficiencies
Too little of one or more nutrients in the diet
Malnutrition
The results in the body of poor nutrition
Example
Undernutrition or Overnutrition

8. Definitions Undernutrition Overnutrition
Too little food energy or too few nutrients to prevent disease or promote growth
Overnutrition
Too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease or increasing the risk of disease

9. Dietary Guidelines for Americans
1. Eat a variety of foods
2. Balance the food you eat with physical activity
3. Choose a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables, and fruits
4. Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol
5. Choose a diet moderate in sugars, salts and, sodium

10. How to Choose Nutritious Foods
Chapter 7, Section 2

11. Definitions Carbohydrates Fat
A class of nutrients made of sugars, these nutrients include sugar, starch, and fiber
Fat
A class of nutrients that does not mix with water
Made mostly of fatty acid

12. Definitions Protein Vitamins
A class of nutrients that builds body tissues and supplies energy
Made of amino acids
Vitamins
Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body

13. Definitions
Minerals
Elements of the earth needed in the diet, which perform many functions in body tissue

14. Food Guide Pyramid 6 serving of Bread etc 3 servings of vegetables
2 servings of fruits
2 servings of milk etc
2 servings of meat

15. Energy from Food
Chapter 7, Section 3

16. Providing energy
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins provide energy that body can use
Carbohydrates provides the body with sugar glucose
Nervous system can only use glucose for energy to fuel their activities

17. Providing Energy Fat provides energy from fatty acid
This powers the muscles enclosed the heart use this type of fuel
Protein is used primarily to build body tissue
However, it can be broken down into amino acids and used as energy
Only used in extreme cases such as starvation or extreme stress

18. Definitions Calories Glycogen Hypothalamus
Units used to measure energy
Calories indicate how much energy in a food can be used by the body or stored in body fat
Glycogen
The form in which the liver and muscles store glucose
Hypothalamus
A brain regulatory center

19. Calories
Calories do not always relate directly back to the amount of fat in a product
A more accurate statement would be how much energy is in a food
If you consume more calories than you need, than those unused calories are stored as fat

20. Storing Glucose as Glycogen
The body stores extra energy in two fuels
Glucose and fat
The glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen
The body supply is low that’s why you have to keep eating
The hypothalamus sends out the hungry message when the blood glucose level is too low

21. Storing Fuels as Body Fat
If more glucose or protein is available after storage in the liver, the liver changes it to fat.
Once a it is changed it will be stored with the other fat cells in the fat tissue

22. The Carbohydrates
Chapter 7, Section 4

23. Definitions Why Carbohydrates are important to the body?
The sugar glucose in the blood
The stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles
Carbohydrates that are important in the diet are starch, fiber, and sugars

24. Definitions Starch Fiber Sugars
A carbohydrates, the main food energy source for the body
Fiber
Indigestible substance in foods, made mostly of carbohydrates
Sugars
Carbohydrates found both in foods and in the body

25. Definitions Constipation Hemorrhoids
Hard slow stools that are difficult to eliminate, often a result of too little fiber
Hemorrhoids
Swollen painful rectal veins

26. Starch The main carbohydrate found in grains and vegetables
Provides glucose in a form the body uses best
Studies have shown that schoolchildren who eat a breakfast pay attention longer in school than those who do not

27. Fiber Not an energy source Provides no calories to the system
Aids in the digestive system by making stool soft and bulky
Lack of fiber can lead to constipation and hemorrhoids

28. Sugars
All sugars are similar to glucose an be converted into glucose in the body
The four sugars most important in the body are:
Glucose (the body’s fuel)
Fructose (the sweet sugar of fruits and honey)
Sucrose (table sugar)
Lactose (milk sugar)

29. Sugars
Nutritionists recommend that you consume a large number of fruits and vegetables that contain sugars, but they urge you in the same breath to “avoid consuming too much sugar”
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

30. Empty Calories Example An Apple Can of Mountain Dew 100 calories
Several vitamins and minerals
Some fiber
Can of Mountain Dew
150 calories
No other nutrients

31. Fats
Chapter 7, Section 5

32. Fats Fats supply fuel for the body Fats come in two forms
Saturated and unsaturated
Saturated Fats
Concerning fats and health, those fats associated strongly with heart and artery diseases, mainly fats from animal sources
Tend to be solid in room temperature

33. Cholesterol
A type of fat made by the body useful as replacement for saturated fat in a heart-healthy diet
Some cholesterol is made from fats in the body
Too much cholesterol, though is linked to heart disease

34. Unsaturated Fats
Concerning fats and health, fats less associated with heart and artery diseases
Main source is vegetable oil
Polyunsaturated fats
A type of unsaturated fats especially useful as a replacement for saturated fat in a heart-healthy diet

35. How much fat is enough?
Recommendations for a healthy diet include holding fat to 30% of total calories
Carbohydrates should be around 60% of calories, with protein completing the final 10%

36. Protein
Chapter 7, Section 6

37. Proteins Known as the bodybuilding nutrient
The material of strong muscles
Proteins are made of building blocks, the amino acids
A set of 20 different amino acids from protein build the body
Such as letters form a word, and those words form a sentence

38. Essential Amino Acids
Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body
Must be eaten
An adult loses about a quarter cup of pure protein a day

39. Where to get proteins? Proteins can be found in
Beans
Eggs
Milk
Some grains and vegetables
A vegetarian can get enough protein from these foods without eating a single piece of meat

40. Vitamins and Mineral
Chapter 7 and 8

41. Definitions Supplement Deficiency Fat-soluble Water-soluble
A pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients; not a food
Deficiency
Too little of a nutrient in the body
Fat-soluble
A chemist’s term meaning “able to dissolve in fat”
Water-soluble
Able to dissolve in water

42. Different Vitamins Vitamin A Function: Sources:
healthy eyes, skin, and bones
hormone synthesis
Sources:
dairy products
dark green leafy vegetables

43. Different Vitamins Thiamin Functions: Sources: energy metabolism
proper nerve and muscle function
Sources:
pork and organ meats
legumes, nuts and whole grains
enriched cereals

44. Different Vitamins Vitamin C Functions: Sources: antioxidant
helps with wound healing
strengthen resistance to infection
Sources:
citrus fruits
broccoli
tomatoes
melons

45. Different Vitamins Vitamin D Functions: Sources:
strong bones and teeth
Sources:
fortified milk
eggs
liver
made by the body from sunlight

46. Minerals Calcium Most abundant mineral in the body
Mostly stored in bones and teeth
Milk products are the best source
Low calcium level can lead to osteoporosis

47. Minerals Iron Present in every living cell The body’s oxygen carrier
Too little iron can lead too anemia
Reduced number of red blood cells
Meats, fish, poultry, and beans are rich sources of iron

48. Minerals Electrolytes
Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance
Consist of three minerals (sodium, chloride and potassium)