1. Frecha da Mizarela Serra da Freita This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

3. Febros River Febros River is a tributary of the Douro River and crosses, mostly, the parish of Olival in Vila Nova de Gaia and it flows into “Esteiro de Avintes” passing by the Biological Park. This small river is of great importance for the region as in the past its waters were used to move the windmills. Nowadays they are used for the irrigation of the fields. This is a river where fishing, especially trouts, used to be very common. It is now unpopulated due to domestic and industrial pollution.

4. Douro River It is one of the biggest rivers of the Iberian Peninsula, with the total length of 938km, 200 in Portugal. It starts in Spain in the hill of Urbião, and it drains an area of 94500km2 of which 18600km2 are in Portugal. It flows on terraces of Douro, between steep slopes carved in schist. The vineyards cultivated on the slopes produce the grapes used to manufacture Port wine. In this river there’s also a major hydropower production.

5. Minho River It serves as a northern border between Portugal and Spain. It starts to flow in the hills of Meira, in Spain. Although its course extends over about 300km only 15km are in Portugal. The weather conditions attract many migratory birds and fish species to spawn.

6. Tagus River River “Tejo” (the Portuguese word) is the biggest in the Iberian Peninsula. It starts in Spain in the hills of Albarraquim and it flows to Lisbon. This river is about 1040km long, 275km are in Portugal. During the age of the discoveries from the mouth of the river dozens of explorers left Portugal to search for new countries.

7. The river has a total course of 879 km, being only 140km in Portugal and 100km on the south border between Portugal and Spain. The Guadiana is navigable only in its last 68km already in Portuguese territory, where the Alqueva Dam was built, in the Alentejo region. The river is immensely rich in fish, therefore important for the cities where it passes. The Guadiana River

8. Gaia’s Cabedelo This is a beach at the mouth of the Douro river that features a sand- spit that extends over the sea. One part is fluvial, the other is maritime because it is connected to the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its location, it is one of the best places of this region for bird watching, particular migratory species and waders.

9. Ria de Aveiro Ria de Aveiro, with a maximum width of 11 kilometers, extends parallel to the sea along 45 kilometers. It is the result of the retreat of the sea, with the formation of coastal strands that, from the sixteenth century, formed a pond that is one of the most important and beautiful hydrographic features in the Portuguese coast. Rich in fish and waterfowl, it is a place of choice to practise all water sports. The salt production, using ancient techniques, it is still one of the traditional activities most characteristic of the city of Aveiro. Moliceiros – Typical boats of Ria de Aveiro

10. The Algarve Coast The Algarve coastal area has special characteristics, different from the Western Coast, mostly due to the impact of the Mediterranean Sea. Consequently, the water is warmer. Some sea currents “trade” water and bring species, turning this area into a mixture of typically Atlantic and Mediterranean species. It’s a privileged spot for tourism, fishing and sports related to leisure.

11. The Atlantic Ocean in Portugal The Atlantic Ocean occupies the Portuguese western coast. It allows good communication routes and provides plenty of natural resources and leisure spots. It also allows the production of renewable energy.

12. The coastal zones are valuable natural resources, which are not renewable. Men can use these zones to obtain food, mineral resources and to enjoy leisure and tourism. The structure of the coastal zone depends on the characteristics of the coast, which is subsequently influenced by the effect of erosion. In that zone we can find some projections that lead to the diversity of the coast landforms, such as beaches, bays or lagoons.

13. Insular Portugal Sea Insular Portugal Sea comprises Madeira and the Azores Archipelagos. They are spots of numerous resources for the subsistence of the population and with significant economic importance. Volcanic and seismic activity can take place in these areas.

14. Groundwater in Portugal Portugal is divided into hydrogeological units according to the kind of rock, which affects the storage and transmission of groundwater. The districts where there is more consumption of groundwater are Aveiro, Coimbra, Leiria, Santarém, Setúbal and Vila Real. Groundwater is the largest reservoir of drinking water that exists. Many of these reservoirs are at risk due to overexploitation and pollution.

15. SPA DISTRIBUTION IN PORTUGAL Monsoon spa -> 1 Caldelas spa -> 2 Gerês spa -> 3 Caldas Santas of Carvalhelhos-> 4 Chaves spa -> 5 Caldas das Taipas -> 6 Caldas da Saúde -> 7 Vidago Palace Spa -> 8 Spa Stones Salted -> 9 Entre-os-Rios spa -> 10 Sao Vicente spa-> 11 Caldas de Aregos spa-> 12 Longroiva spa -> 13 Almeida Fonte Santa spa -> 14 São Jorge spa-> 15 Carvalhal spa-> 16 Cro spa -> 17 Caldas da Cavaca -> 18 Alcafache spa -> 19 Sao Pedro do Sul spa-> 20 Sangemil spa-> 21 Caldas da Felgueira -> 22 Luso spa -> 23 Spa Valley Millstone -> 24 Curia spa-> 25 Caldas de Manteiga-> 26 Spa Unhais da Serra -> 27 Monfortinho Spa -> 28 Spa Slope of Envendos -> 29 Monte Real spa-> 30 Caldas da Rainha -> 31 Nisa spa -> 32 Vide spa -> 33 Spa Osier -> 34 Estoril spa -> 35 Caldas de Monchique -> 36

16. MONFORTINHO SPA The Monfortinho Spa offers several personalized treatments through different methods such as : balneotherapy, ventilotherapy, physiotherapy, electrotherapy, and relaxation massages. It also allows the treatment of chronic skin diseases and others.

17. Curia is a Portuguese village, in the parish of Tamengos, where the Curia Spa is located. It is one of the oldest spa resorts in the country, known since the time of the Roman occupation. The thermal waters of Curia have a sulfated of calcium and magnesium nature and are especially indicated in the treatment of diseases such as urinary tract infections and hypertension, with various forms of treatment: baths, various techniques of shower, whirlpool, swimming pool, wet heat, among others. CURIA SPA

18. CALDAS DA SAÚDE HOT SPRINGS  Built in 1891, the Caldas da Saúde Hot Springs thermal baths use medicinal waters in the treatment of respiratory and rheumatic diseases and musculoskeletal disorders;  In the spa people can relax and at the same time do some physical therapy.  Hydrotherapy techniques are also used in thermal baths.

19. TAIPAS HOT SPRINGS  Taipas Hot Springs waters have therapeutic indications;  The thermal baths use medicinal waters that are recommended for the treatment of respiratory and rheumatic diseases;  The classical way of hydrotherapy is now associated to welfare, making the experience of hydrotherapy much more comfortable.

20. MONÇÃO HOT SPRINGS  Monção Hot Springs is a XXI century spa where the latest hydrotherapy technologies are used. There you take advantage of poorly mineralized waters, and the treatments are made under qualified medical supervision;  The thermal baths are indicated for the treatment of physical, psychological and psychiatric diseases;  The goal is to contribute to the citizens’ better quality of life.

21.  São Pedro do Sul Hot Springs are located near the Vouga river. The site has been considered a National Monument since 1938;  The water is weakly mineralized and it’s classified as sweet, with a very alkaline reaction, with bicarbonates, carbonates, fluorides and highly silicate sodium sulphates;  The baths are used to cure metabolic-endocrine, respiratory, rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. S. PEDRO DO SUL HOT SPRINGS

22.  Located in Serra do Buçaco in Aveiro, Luso Hot Springs use water which rises in the village of Luso;  The Luso water is mostly originated from the rain infiltrated in rocks made of quartz in Serra do Buçaco;  The water of the thermal baths is classified as hypo saline silicate and it has chlorinated sodium and it is used in the treatment of urinary illnesses. LUSO HOT SPRINGS

23. THERMAL BATHS OF MONTE REAL The thermal baths of Monte Real are entirely dedicated to clinical hydrotherapy. The waters of these thermal baths are useful for the treatment and prevention of digestive, musculoskeletal and respiratory diseases. The thermal waters of Monte Real have a stimulating action in the intestinal and vesicular functioning. The sulphur that exists in the water is absorbed through the skin, as it helps the joints preventing their natural degenerative process.

24. The water of these thermal baths is weakly mineralized with ionic sulphuric, chlorinated and sodic composition. They have programs of Welfare that allow the treatment of diseases like the ones that affect the respiratory system. THERMAL BATHS OF S. JORGE

25. The thermal baths of Fadagosa de Nisa, Portalegre, have a sulphuric thermal water used in the treatment of various diseases. These thermal waters are characterized by being alkaline, bicarbonated, sodic, fluoridated and sulphuric. They are recommended for the treatment of diseases like rheumatism. THERMAL BATHS OF NISA

26. The thermal baths of Vimeiro are situated between Maceira and Praia do Porto Novo in the county of Torres Vedras. The mineralization is hyper saline. The water of these thermal baths is used in the treatment of skin, digestive, respiratory and circulatory diseases. THERMAL BATHS OF VIMEIRO

27. THERMAL BATHS OF GERÊS The water of these thermal baths when ingested gives a welfare to the people, because it acts in the regeneration of the cells. This water has unique characteristics such as being weakly mineralized, having a high ph and a reduced concentration of light rare lands. It is very clear and doesn’t have smell. The thermal baths of Gerês are recommended for the treatment of the liver, vesicle, obesity, diabetes and hypertension.

28. WORK DONE BY Ana Rita Pinto Ana Rita Rocha André Airosa Beatriz Tenente Carolina Pereira Catarina Pereira Catarina Agostinho Cátia Silva Christine Rebocha Cláudia Pinho Daniel Dias David Santos Fábio Lazera Francisco Lemos Inês Santos Inês Marques Ivo Soares Joana Dias Jorge Raminhos Maria Inês Cunha Miguel Moreira Nuno Cunha Pedro Ferreira Pedro Oliveira Ivan Teixeira Raquel Teixeira Ricardo Bruno Silva Ricardo Silva Sara Lisboa