1. Do Now #22 p.51 Objective: Explore karyotyping and genetic disease
Nevada has a very high biodiversity compared to other states. Which reason best explains why this is the case?
It is a large state in terms of area compared to other states.
It receives more precipitation on average compared to other states.
It has numerous ecosystems due to its basin and range topography.
It has few people to disturb plant and animal habitats.
Standard: Organisms and their Environment – A variety of ecosystems and communities exist on Earth. Ecosystems are dynamic interactions of organisms and their environment. Ecosystems have distinct characteristics and components that allow certain organisms to thrive. Change in one of more components can affect the entire ecosystem.
L.12.C.4- Students know the unique geologic, hydrologic, climatic, and biological characteristics of Nevada’s bioregions. E/S
DOK Level 1
Answer C
According to the World Wildlife Foundation, “The Great Basin is the largest arid area in the United States. It is a true basin and range, with completely self-contained drainage. The region supports numerous threatened and endangered species–Nevada is third in the nation in listed species.” Throughout Nevada, the biologic communities on the mountain ranges differ with elevation, and the individual mountain ranges act as islands isolated by seas of desert vegetation. Because the mountains exhibit such drastic elevation changes from the valleys to the peaks, Nevada supports an impressive diversity of species, from those adapted to the desert to those adapted to forest and alpine environments.

2. Karyotyping and genetic disease
Human Genetics
Karyotyping and genetic disease

3. What is the difference between an Autosome and a Sex-chromosome?
Autosomes are the first 22 homologous pairs of human chromosomes that do not influence the sex of an individual.
Sex Chromosomes are the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.

4. Karyotype

5. Chromosome Number Homologous Chromosomes are the sets of each pair
Different # for different species
Full set = 2N=Diploid N=
# pairs
1 pair from mother
1 pair from father
Humans= 23 pairs or
46 total

6. Autosomes & Sex Chromosomes
Autosomes = # 1-22 for all traits except sex
Sex chromosomes=
Pair # 23 XX(female) or
XY(male)

7. Karyotyping Video

8. Introduction to Genetic Disease

9. Sickle Cell disease
Sickle cell disease is a disorder that affects the red blood cells
You inherit the gene from both parents
Sickle cell disease prevents oxygen from reaching the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, or other organs, causing a lot of damage.

10. See video

11. Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems
You have to inherit the CF gene from both parents

12. Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome: extra copy of chromosome 21

13. Down Syndrome= 3 of #21

14. Klinefelter’s Syndrome
                                                    What is Turner syndrome?
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Klinefelter’s: Klinefelter syndrome is a disorder that affects only males. Males who have Klinefelter syndrome have an extra X chromosome (XXY).

15. Klinefelter’s = XXY

16. Turner Syndrome
Turner Syndrome: Missing or incomplete X chromosome. People who have Turner syndrome develop as females. The genes affected are involved in growth and sexual development

17. Video

18. Huntington's Disease
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a brain disorder that affects a person's ability to think, talk, and move.
Huntington's disease is inherited
Too many “CAG” triplets

19. Williams Syndrome
Affects a child's growth, physical appearance, and cognitive development.
People who have Williams syndrome are missing genetic material from chromosome 7

20. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Phenylketonuria is a rare metabolic disorder that affects the way the body breaks down protein
You have to inherit the PKU gene from both parents

21. List of other Genetic Disorders
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Deletion 5
Jacobs syndrome
Triple X
Cri-du-chat

22. Karyotype Activity
Objective: To learn how to construct a Karyotype and discover different genetic diseases from a karyotype.
Procedure:
Work in groups of 2-3.
Construct a karyotype from one smear
Use “Information on Chromosome Disorders” to identify the type of mutation.
Answer questions on the handout.