1. ATP and Chemical Energy

2. Objectives
SWBAT recognize the importance of ATP as an energy-carrying molecule.
SWBAT identify energy sources used by organisms.

3. Review Vocabulary Glucose Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide
Starch
Cellulose

4. What is this molecule? Who makes it? Why is it important?
C6H12O6
Who makes it?
Why is it important?

5. Glucose is the building block
Glucose is linked together to make all sorts of different macromolecules (molecules that are really big) like starch and cellulose.
These are 2 glucose molecules joined to make a molecule known as table sugar

6. Vocabulary ATP ADP Homeostasis Triglyceride Glucose
Review Vocabulary If Needed
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Starch
Cellulose

7. SciShow: ATP and Cellular Respiration

8. Energy and Food When we need energy, we eat.
The foods we eat are carbon-based molecules – carbohydrates, starches, proteins, lipids, etc.
The question then is, how does food give you energy?

9. Energy and Food
Before energy can be extracted from food, it has to be broken down (energy comes food but not directly). There is no ATP in the food you eat.
All the carbon-based molecules in food contain energy in their bonds.
This energy is useable only when those bonds are broken and the energy is released.
Carbohydrates and lipids are the most important energy sources in the food you eat.

10. Bonds need to be broken
Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds – breaking the bonds frees energy.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule

11. ATP - Currency of Cellular Energy
ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions.
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
phosphate removed
Energy from breaking the carbon and other bonds in the food you eat.
Energy is released when a phosphate is removed from the ATP molecule.

12. ATP - Currency of Cellular Energy
ATP is chemical energy that is available to the cell to power its necessary functions.
Your cells use ATP to move materials by active transport, exocytosis, and endocytosis.
They also use ATP to create molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and any other molecule they need in order to function properly (to maintain homeostasis).

13. ATP - Currency of Cellular Energy
Energy is released when a phosphate is removed from the ATP molecule.
Biosynthesis is the production of complex molecules within living cells.
When the phosphate is removed and energy released, ATP becomes ADP.

14. ADP ADP is adenosine diphosphate.
It is a lower-energy molecule than ATP.
It can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
phosphate removed
This is a simplified version of the cycle that turns ADP into ATP. This process is not simple.

15. ATP/ADP

16. Molecular Structure of ATP
Nucleoside
Ribose

17. Making ATP
Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules (think glucose) that then can be used to make ATP.
Different foods have different amounts of calories, which indirectly related with how much ATP each type of food can make.
Carbohydrates are the most commonly broken down molecule to make ATP. The breakdown of the simple sugar glucose yields about 38 molecules of ATP.

18. Making ATP
The body does not store carbohydrates (it burns them); however, the body does store lipids.
Lipids store about 80% of the energy in your body – they are our fat stores.
When broken down, they make about 146 molecules of ATP from one triglyceride (this is why animals pack on the fat to survive periods when there is very little food).

19. Making ATP Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
amino acids not usually needed for energy
about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

20. Making ATP
Polar bears will go months without eating (stranded on land) – living on their fat until pack ice is formed and they can hunt seals.
This is a wild polar bear who lives on Hudson Bay (in Manitoba). While waiting for the ice to form, this polar bear made a friend – a sled dog. The bear visited the dog on several occasions to play. When the ice formed, the bear went on his way.