1. CPAP Remote Alarm System BME 272: Oral Report Two Group 15 Kathleen Grunder Jessica Paulsen Molly Rice

2. Project Advisor Dr. Roberta Leu - Clinical Instructor in the Sleep Disorders Division of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Academic Advisor Dr. Paul King - Professor of Biomedical Engineering Emeritus, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus

3. Background Information Obstructive Sleep Apnea o Most common form of sleep disorder breathing o Results in partial or complete collapse of the upper airway o Can lead to sleep deprivation, arrhythmia, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, or death Constant Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy o Used to treat sleep apnea o Holds airway open with continuous flow of air o Effective when used correctly

4. Analysis Problem Statement Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine masks often slip off during the night; this can be especially dangerous for children, who are not compliant with wearing the mask

5. Analysis Performance Criteria There is currently no alarm to alert parents when their child's CPAP machine has failed "I'm very nervous about knowing when [the mask] comes off because I realize how important it is to keep [my son's] airway open." - Parent of a Child with Sleep Apnea

6. To develop a remote alarm system to wake parents when their child’s CPAP machine has failed Analysis Primary Objective

7. Source power failure Disconnected power cord Internal machine failure Mask displacement Mask removal Hose disconnection From mask From machine Kinked hose Punctured hose Analysis Failure Modes

8. Hypothesis Solution Description To use an airflow sensor to determine when the airflow is outside a determined range indicating that one of the failure modes has occurred May consider other sensors o CO2 Concentration o Pressure

9. Hypothesis Goals To improve pediatric compliance with CPAP masks To prevent complications from apneas that can occur when the machine fails To alert parents when the machine fails o To provide parents with comfort in knowing that the machine is working properly

10. Hypothesis Factors The circuit components and complexity will most affect cost, accuracy, and quality

11. Hypothesis Performance Metrics Sensitivity measurements o How often does the machine sound when the mask is off? Functionality o Does the alarm go off when the mask is off? Compliance o Do parents and children use the alarm? Cost/Benefit o Is the benefit worth the cost of the alarm? Alarm Volume o Does the alarm wake up the parents? Receiver Range o Can the reciever get the signal all over a house?

12. Progress Current Status Met with sales representatives from ResMed, a CPAP manufacturer Obtained CPAP machine and three masks from ResMed Patent search Literature review Failure analysis Consultation with Dr. Galloway

13. Progress Future Work Contact Dr. Kirby Pate Design airflow sensor Buy system components Begin building and testing