1. Friendly Warning : Test # 2 next Week (Thursday) 19 July 2012 Covers “1950s”: Chapters 2 & 3

2. Chapter 3 Overview 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British Invasion” (Beatles, etc.) Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley) - market segmentation into teenyboppers and older “Brill Building” - Aldon Music - Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc. - Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.) - Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.) “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream Rockabilly goes Pop Surf Music from California Folk Music influences – politics & social issues

3. Brill Building North end of Times Square Aldon Music locates here “Vertical integration” of - songwriting - demos - publishing - recording & distribution Producers in charge Songwriting to order Girl Groups 1619 Broadway

4. Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s) King & Goffin : YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW (1960) YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW King & Goffin : YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion (1962) YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion Sedaka & Howie Greenfield : Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry : The Ronettes - YouTube The Ronettes - YouTube Ronald Mack (manager, not a songwriter) : THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube (1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol records as “too trite…too simple”)THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube Carole King (b. 1942) & Gerry Goffin (b. 1939) Neil Sedaka (b. 1939) Howie Greenfield (1936-86)

5. (Jerry) Lieber and (Mike) Stoller R & B composers/producers Numerous crossover hits (“Hound dog”, “Kansas City”) “We thought we were black….” “….we write records” Musical stories in well produced formats (first for R&B) Ex. The Coasters - Charlie Brown - YouTubeThe Coasters - Charlie Brown - YouTube Ex. YouTube - Down in Mexico by The Coasters (text, p. 129)YouTube - Down in Mexico by The Coasters The Coasters

6. Phil Spector (b. 1939) Session musican/composer Producer as “star” “Wall of Sound” Examples - Da Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals (Lyrics) – YouTube - YouTube - The Ronettes - Be My Baby (Lip sync) - The Crystals - Then He Kissed Me (1963) – YouTubeDa Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals (Lyrics) – YouTubeYouTube - The Ronettes - Be My BabyThe Crystals - Then He Kissed Me (1963) – YouTube Recently…… Convicted of 2 nd degree murder (2009)

7. “You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’” Composed by Cynthia Mann, Barry Weill, Phil Spector “too slow, too long” - “3:05” on label (over 3:45 on air) Bridge changes mood!? # 1 in 1965 (US), # 1 in UK in 1965, 1969, 1990) YouTube - Righteous Brothers You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM)YouTube - Righteous Brothers You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM) BMI: “Most played song of the 20 th Century” The Righteous Brothers (Medley and Hatfield)

8. R&B Before “Soul” Nate King Cole (1919-1965) - jazz pianist & singer - Ex. NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME – YouTube (pop # 6)NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME – YouTube Johnny Mathis (b. 1935) - “pop” singer (“romantic” album) - Ex. Johnny Mathis - Chances Are – YouTube (1957, Pop # 1)Johnny Mathis - Chances Are – YouTube Ray Charles (1930-2004) - R&B, Country, Gospel, etc. - Ex. Ray Charles - I Got A Woman – YouTube (1955 R&B #1) - Cf. The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“ 954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTubeRay Charles - I Got A Woman – YouTubeThe Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“ 954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTube

9. “Sweet Soul” Born Mississippi - son of Baptist Minister (w/ 8 children) - Gospel singer from about age of nine The Soul Stirrers (founded 1926, Texas) - leading Gospel Quartet - Cooke joins c. 1940 - The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke - He'll Make A Way – YouTube (C.1954) - Soul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTube (1955) - The Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke) – YouTube (1956)The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke - He'll Make A Way – YouTubeSoul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTubeThe Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke) – YouTube Move to Secular/Popular (c. 1956/57) - first recordings under pseudonyms - YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send Me (# 1on Pop and R&B) - SAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" – YouTube - Sam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics – YouTube - YouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute (mix of excerpts w/ history)YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send MeSAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" – YouTubeSam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics – YouTubeYouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute Sam Cooke (1931-64)

10. Doo Wop Drifters (Doo Wop vocal group) - backup to Clyde McPhatter (since 1953) - group “fired” 1958 (New) Drifters formed 1958/59 - Ben E. King as lead vocals Examples - Ben E. King and The Drifters - There Goes My Baby – YouTube (1959) - YouTube - The Drifters - Up On The Roof (1963) - THE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. – YouTube (1953)Ben E. King and The Drifters - There Goes My Baby – YouTubeYouTube - The Drifters - Up On The RoofTHE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. – YouTube Ben E. King - fired from Drifters - Ben E King - Spanish Harlem – YouTube - YouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me (note circular harmonies: I-vi-IV-V)Ben E King - Spanish Harlem – YouTubeYouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me The Drifters (original group) The Drifters (replacements)