1. Participial & Gerund Phrases English I PreAP

2. Participles & Participial Phrases O A participle is a verb “functioning” like an adjective O A participial phrase begins with a participle and the words that follow O Present participles end in “-ing” O Past participles end in “-ed” Examples: O The crying baby had a wet diaper. (crying = participle) O Sitting up in bed, the man ate his breakfast. (sitting up in bed = participial phrase) O Her hair, braided and wrapped around her head, made a crown. (braided and wrapped around her head = participial phrase)

3. Example Original Sentence: Sarah was blinded by the light when she walked into the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like a verb) Sentence with a participle: The blinding light blocked Sarah’s vision in the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like an adjective) Sentence with a participial phrase: Blinded by the light, Sarah walked into the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like an adjective as a phrase)

4. Apply It! Using a participial phrase, describe what else could have happened in each sentence below. You can add it to the beginning of the sentence, in the middle, or the end! O We just saw Amber. O The captain walked across the deck. O The president smiled and waved at the crowd.

5. Helpful Hints O Remember that you can add a participial phrase to the beginning of a sentence, the middle, or the end O It must be attached to a clause (sentence) O Look for the “-ing” or “-ed” verb (participle) that is functioning like an adjective!!

6. Gerunds & Gerund Phrases O A gerund is a verb ending in –ing and functions as a noun O A gerund phrase begins with a gerund and the words that follow Examples: O Running is a good way to stay in shape. (running = gerund) O Running up stairs is a good way to stay in shape. (running up stairs = gerund phrase) O In the summer, my brother enjoys working as a lifeguard. (working as a lifeguard = gerund phrase)

7. Example Original Sentence: Mr. Smith jogs to work almost every day. (Here the verb is functioning like a verb) Sentence with a gerund: Mr. Smith enjoys jogging almost every day. (Here the verb is functioning like a noun) Sentence with a gerund phrase: Mr. Smith enjoys jogging to work almost every day. (Here the verb is functioning like a noun in a phrase)

8. Apply It! Use these gerunds in a sentence: O writing O traveling O sleeping

9. Helpful Hints O A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that is used as a noun. O A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s) O Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation

10. More Resources PARTICIPLES & PARTICIPIAL PHRASES GERUNDS & GERUND PHRASES O Participles & Participial Phrases on OWL at Purdue Participles & Participial Phrases on OWL at Purdue O Gerunds and Gerund Phrases on OWL at Purdue Gerunds and Gerund Phrases on OWL at Purdue