1. Internal Mobility and Separation
Promotion
Transfer
Demotion
Separations

2. The lateral or vertical movement of employees within the organization is called ‘internal mobility’ . Some employee separate themselves from organization for reasons like better prospectus, retirement, termination, etc. This is called employee separation.

3. Promotion
Promotion is vertical movement of an employee within the organization. Refers to the upward movement of an employee from one job to another higher one, with increase with salary, status and responsibilities.

4. Types of promotion
Horizontal Promotion. When and employee is shifted in the same category.
Vertical promotion. This is the kind of promotion when an employee is promoted from a lower to higher category. Generally, promotion means ‘vertical promotion’.
Dry Promotion. when promotion is made without increase in salary, it is called dry promotion.

5. Promotion Purpose
To recognize an employees skill and knowledge and utilize it to improve the organizational effectiveness.
To reward and motivate employees to higher productivity
To develop competitive spirit and inculcate the zeal in the employees to acquire skill knowledge etc.
To promote employees satisfaction and boost their morale.
To build loyalty among the employees toward organization.
To promote good human relation
To increase sense of belongingness.
To retain skilled and talented people.
To attract trained, competent and hard working people.
To impress the other employees that opportunities are available to them too if they also perform well

6. Promotion Policy
It must provide equal opportunity for promotion policy as sound and good policy.
It must be applied uniformly to all employees irrespective of their background.
It must be fair and impartial.
The basis of promotion must be clearly specified and made know to the employees.
It must be correlated with career planning .
Appropriate authority must be entrusted with the task of making final decision.
Promotion must be made on trail basis.
The policy must be good blending of promotions made from both inside and out side.

7. Promotion can be made in various bases.
Seniority i.e., length of service
Merit, i.e. performance
Educational and technical qualification
Potential for better performance
Career and succession plan
Vacancies based on organizational chart
Motivational strategies like job enlargement
Training

8. Transfer
A transfer refers to lateral movement of employee within the same grade, from one job to another. Flippo, “a transfer is a change in the job accompanied by a change in the place of the job of an employee without a change in responsibilities or remuneration”

9. Transfer Policy Transfer involves cost as well.
Specify the circumstance under which transfer will be made.
Specify the basis for transfer.
Decide the authority which would handle transfer.
Intimate the fact of transfer to the person concerned well in advance.
Specify the job to which transfer will be made and duties and salary on assumption of new jobs should also be clarified.
Clarify whether transfer is permanent or temporary.
Indicate whether transfer can be made within a department or between different department or between unit.
Not to be made frequent and not for the shake of transfer only.

10. Need To meet organizational needs. To satisfy employee need
To better utilize employee
To make the employee more versatile
To adjust the work force
To provide relief
To punish employee

11. Types of Transfer Production Transfer Remedial Transfer
Replacement Transfer
Versatility Transfer
Shift Transfers
Penalty Transfer

12. Demotion
Demotion is just the opposite of promotion. It is downward movement of an employee in the organizational hierarchy with lower rank/status and pay. According to D.S. Beach, “demotion is the assignment of an individual to a job of lower rank and pay usually involving lower level of difficulty and responsibility”

13. Causes
Incompetence: when a promotee is found unable to meet the challenges posed by the new higher job, he may be demoted to jobs suitable to hi, to correct errors in promotion.
Adverse Business Conditions: at times, circumstance and condition like recession and other crisis may necessitate a business to combine departments and eliminate jobs.
Disciplinary Measures. Used as a disciplinary measure against erring employee. Its is a penalty imposed on employee for violation of company rules of conduct.

14. Demotion Policy
A clear and reasonable list of rules should br framed, violation of which would subject and employee to demotion.
This information should be clearly communicated to employees.
There should be a competent investigation of any allege violation.
Once violations are proved, there should be a consistent and equitable application of the penalty, preferable by the immediate supervisor.
There should be provision for review.

15. Separations
Separation is a situation when the service agreement of an employee with his/her organization comes to an end and employee leave the organization.

16. Retirement :
it’s a major cause of cause of separation of employees from the organization. It can be define as the termination of service of an employee on reaching the age of superannuation.

17. Compulsory Retirement: This is the retirement when employee retire compulsorily from service on attaining the age of superannuation.
Voluntary Retirement: when organization give option to its employees to retire even before superannuation its called voluntary retirement. VRS (Voluntary Retirement Scheme) or Golden Hand Shake

18. Resignation
Resignation is termination of service by an employee by serving a notice called resignation on employer.
Layoff
Layoff implies denial of employment to the employees for reason beyond the control of employer.

19. Retrenchment Dismissal
Means permanent termination of an employee’s services for economic reason. Retrenchment occurs on account of surplus staff, poor demand for products, general economic slow down etc.
Dismissal
Is termination of services of an employee as a punitive. This may occur either on account of unsatisfactory performance or misconduct.