1. Molecules Around Me Chemistry Project By: Kristoffer Stuvstad

2. Category A: Food and Nutritional Supplements

3. Product Information: Name: Pepsi Description: A carbonated soft drink Ingredients: (all ingredients active) Carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, natural flavor

4. Compound 1 – Carbonated Water Molecular Formula: H 2 CO 3 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Carbonated water is water that contains carbon dioxide that has been dissolved under pressure. It is commonly used in many beverages, such as cocktails, whiskey, and soda. Flavored carbonated water can be found in sodas that have a fruity flavor. Carbonated water is also considered a diluent. Although carbonated water helps ease indigestion, it can cause decay in your teeth. All information from Wikipedia

5. Compound 2 – High Fructose Corn Syrup Molecular Formula: C 12 H 22 O 11 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: High fructose corn syrup is a group of corn syrups that sweetens foods. It is commonly found in processed foods and beverages, and is 24% water and 76% sugar. Although it may make one’s food taste sweeter, high fructose corn syrup is not considered healthy and causes obesity, heart-related diseases, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. All information from Wikipedia

6. Compound 3 – Phosphoric Acid Molecular Formula: H 3 PO 4 It is inorganic because it lacks carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Phosphoric acid is a mineral acid and is a reagent. It is commonly used as a rust remover, a food additive, a dentistry and orthodontics etching solution, an electrolyte, a fertilizer feedstock, and a house cleaning product. Studies have shown phosphoric acid to have caused chronic kidney disease and lower bone density in some cases. All information from Wikipedia

7. Compound 4 - Caffeine Molecular Formula: C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Caffeine is a white, crystal-like xanthine alkaloid and is considered a stimulant. It is commonly found in some seeds, leaves, and fruits. Caffeine is most commonly used in beverages, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks. Many health effects have been found after taking caffeine. For example, some short-term health effects are headache, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety. Some long-term effects discovered are increased blood pressure, development of type 2 diabetes, and sometimes an increased risk of cancer. Compound information from Wikipedia Molecular Structure from chem242.wikispaces.com

8. Compound 5 – Citric Acid Molecular Formula: C 6 H 8 O 7 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Citric acid is a weak organic acid that makes an acidic and sour taste to beverages and foods. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables, with lemons and limes having the highest concentration. Cosmetics, medicine, photography, and other foods use citric acid. Citric acid can also be used as a cleaning agent and for food coloring. All information from Wikipedia

9. Category B: Healthcare and Medicinal Products

10. Product Information: Name: Children’s Tylenol Description: A medicine for children ages 2-11 that helps ease cold, flu, sore throat, and toothache. Ingredients: ACTIVE- Acetaminophen INACTIVE- Anhydrous Citric Acid, Butylparaben, D & C Red no. 33, FD & C Blue no. 1, Flavor, Glycerin, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium, Propylene Glycol, Purified Water, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitol Solution, Xanthan Gum

11. Compound 1 - Acetaminophen Molecular Formula: C 8 H 9 NO 2 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever that is commonly used to relieve headache, cold, and flu. It is useful for reducing fever and relieves pain in the central nervous system. However, acetaminophen may cause stomach bleeding, kidney and liver damage, and a high risk of blood cancer. If overdosed, one must immediately contact poison control. Compound information from Wikipedia Molecular structure from icep.wikispaces.com

12. Compound 2 - Butylparaben Molecular Formula: C 11 H 14 O 3 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Butylparaben is a microbial preservative. It is used in cosmetics, sunscreen, drugs, and certain foods. Butylparaben has been found to cause negative health effects, such as endocrine disruption, breast tumors, and alteration of metabolic hormones. All information from Wikipedia

13. Compound 3 – Microcrystalline Cellulose Molecular Formula: (C 6 H 10 O 5 )n It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Microcrystalline cellulose is another name for remade wood pulp. It is also a de- caking agent, a fat substitute, bulking agent, and an alternative for carboxymethyl cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose is commonly found in vitamins and tablets. Although it can cause weight loss, microcrystalline cellulose has been known to have triggered allergic reactions. Compound information from Wikipedia Molecular structure from www.ingredientdepot.com

14. Compound 4 – Propylene Glycol Molecular Formula: C 3 H 8 O 2 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right (Note: Red is oxygen, gray is carbon, and white is hydrogen.)  Summary: Propylene glycol is a colorless liquid that contains a small, sweet taste. It is a food preservative and can be found in tobacco products, and in de-icing fluids for aircrafts. Although it may cause skin irritation, propylene glycol has a low toxicity. All information from Wikipedia

15. Compound 5 – Xanthan Gum Molecular Formula: C 35 H 49 O 29 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide that is commonly used as a food additive and a food thickening agent. It is found in foods such as salad dressings, sauces, and ice cream. Xanthan gum is also used to thicken drilling mud in the oil industry. Xanthan gum has been discovered to cause necrotizing enterocolitis and certain allergies. Compound Information from Wikipedia Molecular structure from www.lsbu.ac.uk

16. Category C: Personal Hygiene and Cleaning Products

17. Product Information: Name: Scope Mouthwash Description: A mouthwash that freshens one’s breath Ingredients: Glycerin, Polysorbate 80,Sodium Saccharin, Sodium Benzoate, Cetylpyridium Chloride, Benzoic Acid, Blue 1, and Yellow 5

18. Compound 1 - Glycerin Molecular Formula: C 3 H 8 O 3 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right (Note: Red is oxygen, gray is carbon, and white is hydrogen.)  Summary: Glycerin is a sugar alcohol which is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations, and contains a low toxicity. It is also used as a sweetener, a medicinal product, and as a personal care product. General items that use glycerin are cough syrups, toothpastes, mouthwashes, skin & hair care products, and soaps. Glycerin improves exercise and can cause weight loss. All information from Wikipedia

19. Compound 2 – Sodium Saccharin Molecular Formula: C 7 H 4 NNaO 3 S It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right (Note: Black is carbon, white is hydrogen, red is oxygen, blue is nitrogen, and yellow is sulfur.)  Summary: Sodium saccharin is an artificial sweetener that contains no food energy. It is sweeter than sucrose, and contains a metallic aftertaste. Sodium saccharin is used to sweeten foods, drinks, candy, medicine, and toothpaste. It can travel through the digestive system without being digested, and can trigger insulin in humans. Sodium saccharin is also non-water soluble. All information from Wikipedia

20. Compound 3 – Sodium Benzoate Molecular Formula: NaC 7 H 5 O 2 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right.  Summary: Sodium benzoate is commonly used as a food preservative. It can be found in acids like vinegar, carbonated drinks, and fruit juices. Sodium benzoate is also found in medicines, cosmetics, and fireworks. Although sodium benzoate can cause hyperactive behavior, it can help as an add-on therapy in schizophrenia. All information from Wikipedia

21. Compound 4 – Cetylpyridinium Chloride Molecular Formula: C 21 H 38 ClN It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Cetylpyridinium chloride is a cationic ammonium commonly found in medicinal and personal care products. Some products that use this are mouthwashes, toothpaste, lozenges, breath and nasal sprays. It has been discovered to kill bacteria and helps prevent plaque and gingivitis in the teeth. All information from Wikipedia

22. Compound 5 – Benzoic Acid Molecular Formula: C 7 H 6 O 2 It is organic because it contains carbon. Molecular structure on right  Summary: Benzoic acid is a crystalline solid in which its salts are used as food preservatives. It is commonly found in fruit juice, sparkling drinks, soft drinks, pickles, and medicines. Benzoic acid is also used for calibrating a bomb calorimeter. Although benzoic acid has been discovered to affect the liver and kidneys in some cases, it is not considered as toxic. Compound information from Wikipedia Molecular structure from msdsmkrchemicals.blogspot.com