1. The Inclined Plane

2. Getting Started Remember Lesson 6, friction? 1. What did you find out about friction in lesson 6? 2. When you pulled the blocks in lesson 6, you exerted a force called the effort force to move the blocks at a constant speed. Where was the friction force? Which way did it act? 3. Does friction increase or decrease the amount of work needed to do a task?

3. Getting Started Continued Think of places where you have seen ramps. 1. Have you ever seen a ramp used to move an object or a person onto a platform or to a higher position? If so, where? 2. Did the ramp have a gentle slope or a steep slope? 3. Why do you think a ramp was used? * A ramp is a type of inclined plane *

4. Inquiry 11.1 Measuring Forces on a Cart on an Inclined Plane Question: What will happen to the effort required to move a cart up an inclined plane if the slope is steadily increased? Hypothesis: I believe... Because... Procedure: p.102-103

5. Data Hole #Rise (cm)Run (cm)SlopeAngle (degrees) Force (N) 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

6. Data Continued Make a graph showing the relationship of slope to effort force.

7. Vocabulary Effort distance Load force Load distance Gravity

8. Conclusion Look back at your original question. Write in complete sentences. Use and underline all vocabulary terms.

9. Inquiry 11.2Measuring Work on a Cart on an Inclined Plane Question: How does the work needed to pull the cart up the inclined plane set at different slopes compare with the work needed to lift the cart straight up? Hypothesis: I believe... Because... Procedure: p. 104-105

10. Data: Work and the Inclined Plane Hole # Rise (cm)Run (cm)SlopeEffort Force (N) Effort Distance (m) Work (N-m) Load Force___________ x Load Distance ____________ = ___________ (work)

11. Data Questions 1. On the basis of the results of these inquiries, how would you define a machine? 2. In you view, is an inclined plane a machine? 3. Why are ramps for people with physical disabilities long and gently sloping, rather than short and steep? 4. Suppose you repeated inquiry 11.2 with a sled instead of a cart. Would you get different results? If so, how would they be different?

12. Vocabulary Load distance Load force Effort distance work

13. Conclusion Look back at your original question. Write in complete sentences. Use and underline all vocabulary terms.