1. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 History of Chemistry Objectives: Appreciate the roots of chemistry

2. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Ancient Greek Philosophers Try to explain natural world –Aristotle –Plato

3. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Alchemy Ancients try to change lead into gold the study of behavior of matter from 3rd century BC –Chemeia (GR) to transmute or change matter

4. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Aristotle Matter made of FOUR elements: –earth, air, fire, water Elements change with exposure to: –heat, cold, dampness, dryness Caloric – substance that “flowed” from hot bodies to cold bodies Studied and advanced by Greeks and Arabs philosophers

5. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Prominent Arab Alchemists Geber (721-815) “father of Arab chemistry” –emphasized systematic experimentation discovered hydrochloric & nitric acid Used distillation and crystallization Al-Razi (864-930) –Discovered alcohol and sulfuric acid

6. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 13 -14 th Century Europeans Rediscovered the ancient texts –transmutation metals to GOLD Experiments led to large body of knowledge: –Metallurgy »Extraction of metals from ore »Chemical Reactions

7. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Prominent Europeans Paracelsus (1493-1541) –Use of chemicals and elements in medicine –Named zinc after “pointed crystals” Georg Agricola –Wrote “definitive” book on mining

8. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 17 th Century Europe Matter made of THREE (3) elements (earths) –vitreous earth – solidity of matter –fluid earth – liquidity of matter –fatty earth (phlogiston) – combustibility to matter Same as Aristotle w/o air –now “inert”

9. Created by C. Ippolito September 2003 Later Europeans Van Helmont (1577-1644) –Distinct gases make up air Robert Boyle –Gas laws Volume and pressure vary inversely