1. Classification Unit Year 7 2015
THE ANIMAL
KINGDOM
Classification Unit
Year 7
2015

2. Animal Kingdom The Animal kingdom is split into 9 phyla
It is not scientific to separate purely on the presence of absence of a backbone
ANIMALS
Porifera
Cnidarians
Echinoderms
Nematodes
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Arthropods
Chordates

3. Phylum Chordata
The Phylum Chordata can be further classified into five major classes
FISH
AMPHIBIANS
REPTILES
MAMMALS
BIRDS

4. Amphibians
The word AMPHIBIAN is a Greek word which means “Double life”
This refers to the fact that amphibians can live in both the water and on land.
In their early life they live completely underwater.
Later in their life cycle amphibians can move between the land and the water

5. Amphibians
The Amphibians are an important group of animals as they were the first vertebrates to conquer land
They are cold-blooded – meaning their body temperature is determined by the environment they are in (ectothermic)
They return to the water to reproduce, and must always live in a damp environment to limit water loss through their thin skin

6. Amphibians
They are bare skinned – no scales or hair, some possess poison glands that discourage predators.
Some amphibians can change their skin colour to confuse predators or in response to temperature or light level changes.
Most amphibians are nocturnal

7. frogs
The largest frog is the Goliath Frog, which grows up to 40cm long. It can eat small mammals!
The smallest frog is shown here – so small it fits on a 10c coin!

8. toads What are the differences between a frog and a toad?
Frogs: Slimy & Smooth Skin, longer legs
Toads: Dry & Warty Skin, shorter stubby legs

9. salamanders
Salamanders usually have 4 limbs & a long tail. They can swim like a fish and eat insects snails and worms.
Some species of salamander can loose an eye, leg or their tail and regrown them within a few months.

10. newts
Newts and Salamanders like to live in damp habitats usually in the northern hemisphere.
They are brightly coloured to warn predators they are poisonous

11. Reptiles
Reptile comes from a Latin word meaning “to creep”. Reptiles form the class REPTILIA
Reptiles evolved from the amphibians around 330 million years ago
Reptiles were the first animals to live entirely on the land
Reptiles are ectothermic, so usually live in warmer climates

12. Reptiles
Australia is home to some of the worlds most dangerous reptiles like the Salt Water Crocodile and the Tiger Snake.
Reptiles lay eggs with leathery, waterproof shells and emerge from the egg fully formed, unlike amphibians which have separate life cycles.
Reptiles have a dry scaly skin.

13. Reptiles
The ‘Golden Age’ of the reptiles was 230 – 265 million years ago
The Age of the Dinosaur

14. Crocodiles are social animals, with claims they cooperate when hunting prey.
The ancestors of crocodiles lived alongside the dinosaurs
The Salt Water Crocodile can grow up to 7m long and is the largest reptile in the world

15. Alligators are found only in North America and China
Caimans are found in South America only
alligators &
caimans
Alligators have broader snouts than crocodiles & are generally smaller in size

16. There are about 3000 species of snakes living on all continents except Antarctica.
Snakes can be defined as constricting or venomous depending on how they kill their prey
They are expert climbers, hunters, swimmers and can move over all terrains.
The largest snake is the Reticulated Python of Asia, it can grow to 10m long

17. lizards
There are approximately 4500 different species of lizards
The largest lizard is the Komodo Dragon which can grow to 3m long
There are 2 venomous lizards, both live in America
Chameleons are a group of lizards that can change the colour of their skin but they have poor hearing and sense of smell.

18. tuataras
Tuatara’s are the sole surviving species of a group of animals that became extinct about 60 million years ago
They live on offshore islands in New Zealand
They have a very slow growth rate and may live as long as 120 years
They are nocturnal animals that eat invertebrates, bird’s eggs and chicks

19. turtles & tortoises Turtles and Tortoises are from the family Chelonia
They all have four limbs, a shell and a horny toothless beak
The Galapagos Giant Tortoise grows up to 1.2m in length and can live for 200 years
What is the difference between a turtle and a tortoise?
Turtles live most or all of their life in water. Tortoises live on land

20. Birds Birds form the class AVES, Avis is a Latin word meaning Bird
All birds have feathers, even the ones that cant fly
Birds are related to reptiles as they have scales, but only on their legs and feet
They are endothermic, with a body temperature of about – 45oC

21. Birds
They have four limbs, the back limbs are legs and allow the bird to walk. The front two limbs have evolved into wings
All birds lay hard-shelled eggs
There are about 9000 different species of birds
The Ostrich is the tallest (2.5m) heaviest (150kg) and fastest (55kph) bird

22. birds
Birds live on all continents of the world and migrate every year for food, water or breeding places
Flightless birds have adaptations to allow them to run or swim to get around
A famous flightless bird made extinct in the 1680’s was the dodo
Feathers are made up of the same substance as human hair and fingernails
Rainforests contain a greater variety of birds than any other habitat

23. birds The Biggest Bird is the Ostrich - Lives in Africa
The Smallest Bird in the Bee Hummingbird - lives in Africa

24. Fish There are around 25 000 species of fish
They are divided into three classes
BONY FISH (OSTEICHTHYES)
OSTEON = bone
JAWLESS FISH (AGNATHA)
A = without, GNATHOS = jaw
CARTLIAGINOUS FISH (CHONDRICHTHYES)
CHONDROS = cartilage

25. Bony Fish Bony Fish have skeletons made of bone
Most Fish species fall into this class
Fish are ectothermic except for Tuna
Fish breathe through gills which act as ‘inside out’ lungs
The fastest swimmer is thought to be the sailfish which can swim at speeds of 100kph

26. bony fish Ichthyology is the study of fish
Fish have different shapes which often determines how they move
The are fish that can glow in the dark
bony
fish
Ichthyology is the
study of fish

27. Jawless Fish Jawless fish have skeletons made of cartilage
They do not have paired fins, which means no fins on the side of their body
Some examples are the Sea Lamprey and the Hagfish

28. jawless fish Lampreys live in marine and fresh water
Lampreys have a sucker-like mouth which attaches to prey
Hagfish are only marine
They are worm like with no eyes, no scales and rows of horny teeth

29. Cartilaginous Fish
Cartilaginous fish have a skeleton made of cartilage
They have paired fins but no scales. Their skin is covered with tiny tooth-like structures which gives the skin a sandpaper feel
There is about 900 different species of cartilaginous fish
Some examples are Sharks, Rays and Skates

30. cartilaginous fish There are more than 350 species of shark
Most are marine, but the Bull shark can survive in fresh water

31. cartilaginous
fish
Rays: include the stingray, manta ray, eagle ray and electric ray
Skates: are bottom dwelling and found throughout the world
Rays and Skates lay eggs called mermaid purses

32. Mammals Mammals form the class Mammalia
They are split into three groups
PLACENTAL mammals
MARSUPIALS
MONOTREMES
These groups are determined by how the mammals give birth to their young
There are about 4500 species of mammals

33. Mammals All Mammals share the following three characteristics;
They have hair. It may not be obvious in all species, and some may only have hair as newborns.
They feed their young milk produced from mammary glands.
They are endothermic and maintain their body at a constant temperature

34. placental mammals Mammals exist in all areas of the world
Placental mammals give birth to well developed young
Largest mammal – blue whale
Smallest mammal – kitti’s hog-nosed bat
The largest predator in the world – Sperm Whale

35. marsupials
Marsupials give birth to tiny young which then develop in the mothers pouch where they attach to a milk producing teat
Kangaroo
Wombat
Wallaby
Possums
Koala
Tasmanian devil

36. monotremes Monotremes lay eggs
When the eggs hatch the young continue to develop in the mothers pouch
There are only three species of monotreme
2 in Australia
Short-beaked Echidna & Platypus
1 in America
Long-beaked Echidna