2. Formic acid Acetic acid Specific test: 1.HgCl 2 test 1ml HgCl 2 + 1ml of acid Turbidity or white ppt of Hg 2 Cl 2 “merchrrous chloride” No reaction 2. Alkaline KMnO 4 test 1ml acid + 1ml Na 2 CO 3 solution + 2-3 drops KMnO 4 Decolorization + brown ppt No reaction 3. Esterfication test 1ml ethanol + acid + 3-4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 pour in beaker containing 10ml H 2 O No reactionFruity odor of ethyl acetate

3. Tartaric acid Citric acid Specific test: 1.Conc. H 2 SO 4 test Acid + 4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 Effervescence + heavy charringEffervescence + yellow color 2. Dengi’s test Acid + H 2 O + Dengi’s reagent 2 drops add KMnO 4 boil [WHILE IT’S HOT] No reaction Decolorization + white ppt

4. Benzoic acid Phthalic acid Specific test: 1.Phthalein test Phenol + acid + 4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 cool pour in 10% NaOH in beaker heat until fussion No reactionPink color 2.Flourescein test Acid + resercinol + 2-3 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 cool then pour in 10% NaOH in beaker heat until fussion No reaction Green fluorescence + H 2 O fluorescence

5. Specific test of Salicylic acid: Crimson red color Oil of winter green “ Vicks odor due to methyl salicylate” Pink color 1. Formaldehyde test 1ml formaldehyde + few gm salicylic acid + 4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 (on the wall) 2. Esterfication test 1ml methanol + few gm salicylic acid + 3-4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 pour in beaker containing 10ml H 2 O 2. Phthalein test Few gm Salicylic acid + few gm phthalic anhydride + 4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 cool pour in 10 ml 10% NaOH in beaker

6. IR LocationComment 3400 – 2400 cm -1 1730 – 1700 cm -1 < 3000 cm -1 > 3000 cm -1 CH aromatic streatching band CH aliphatic streatching band C=O streatching band Broad –OH peak streatching band