1. "The Challenge of Young Academic Europe integrating and overcoming University tradition". Antonio Scaglia Università Magna Grecia CZ 2012 ESD Summer School 2012 Sustainable Young Europe

2. Europe - University - Modernity Greece (Hellas and Colonies) develops philosophical thought. Pre-Socratic, Socrates Dialogues, Plato (Foundation of Academia, Aristotle's School - Peripatetic's, Sophist School, Hellenistic philosophy and world vision

3. Rafael: Academia

4. School of Athens

5. Hellenistic globalisation Hellenistic globalisation deletes Polis Democratic Model in favour of a new dramatic political dream: from the autonomous city to the Alexanders Great Empire Miletian City and Alexandria Library

6. Rome: Law – Roads - Army – Dominium and Pax Romana Rome builds up a powerful Empire Abandoning the Republic System for the Empire System based upon an high structured Law, Army, Economic and Political Unit: different countries but dominated and submitted to Rome. [Rome is strongly bounded to Greek culture (language, philosophy, art]

7. Roman Road: Pompei and Balkans

8. Theodor Mommsen Rome History and the Max Weber Bourgeois Culture The Th. Mommsen Book (Römische Kaisergeschichte: 1854-1885) is highlighting Romes Greatness and Weakness Rome abandon Republican Spirit and develops an aristocratic and authoritarian social and political system Patres Conscripti as a process transforming bourgeois in noble class

9. The Light of Bourgeois Culture Nevertheless, in Max Webers opinion, the Ancient Society and Culture, after a long sleep which followed the Roman Empire decline and fall, awaked again in the Middle Age which places Ancient Culture up in the Light of the Bourgeois Culture.Birth of Modern Bourgeoisie Middle Age Cities and Corporations looking for freedom

10. Ulmer Town Hall – Bruges Town Hall

11. Reims Cathedral

12. Corporations: Symbols and Power

13. European Bourgeois Culture: Empire, Democratic Communes City and Bourgeois Modernity Middle Age European University was born in order to express (- culturally and professionally – in the best way capacity and power of a new ruling class: Bourgeoisie – Bürgertum – Borghesia. Note: The contemporary German historic, economic and sociology School is highlighting central meaning of Middle Age Society Culture and Politics: (W. Nippel, Gh. Oexle, K. Reiner, J. Kocka etc.). No - legitimate Power in decided and creative way ( A. Scaglia: Max Webers Idealtypus der Nichtlegitimen Herrschaft (Leske+Budrich 2001)

14. Bologna and Paris University

15. The mor ancient Universities (Europe) Scuola medica salernitana, Salerno, Italia verosimilmente founded IX Century Università di Bologna, Italia, founded 1088 Università di Parigi, Francia, founded 1090 Università di Oxford, Inghilterra, founded attorno al 1096 Università di Parma, Italia, founded 1117 Università di Modena, Italia, founded 1175 Università di Cambridge, Inghilterra, founded 1208 Università di Arezzo, Italia, founded 1215 Università di Salamanca, Spagna, founded 1218

16. Università di Padova, Italia, founded 1222 Università Federico II, Napoli, Italia, founded 1224 Università di Vercelli, Italia, founded 1228 Università di Treviso, Italia, founded attorno al 1231[5] Università di Siena, Italia, founded 1240 Università di Valladolid, Spagna, founded 1241 Università di Macerata, Italia, founded 1290 Università di Coimbra, Portogallo, founded 1290

17. Universitad Complutense de Madrid, Spagna, founded 1293 ad Alcalá de Henares Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italia, founded 1303 Università di Perugia, Italia, founded 1308 Università di Firenze, Italia, founded 1321 Università di Camerino, Italia, founded 1336 Università di Pisa, Italia, founded 1343

18. Universidad Alcalà de Henares

19. Università di Prague, Check Republic, founded 1348 Università di Pavia, Italia, founded 1361 Università Jagellonica of Cracovia, Polony, founded 1364 Università di Vienna, Austria, founded 1365 Università di Pécs, Hungaria, founded 1367 Università di Heidelberg, Germany, founded 1386 Università of Colonia, Germany, founded 1388

20. Università di Ferrara, Italia, founded 1391 Università di Zara, Croatia, founded 1396 Università di Torino, Italia, founded 1404 Università di Lipsia, Germania, founded 1409 Università di St. Andrews, Scozia, founded 1412 Università di Rostock, Germany, founded 1419 University Cath. di Lowen, Belgium, founded 1425 Universits of Poitiers, France, founded 1431 Università di Catania, Italia, founded 1434

21. University of Glasgow, Scotland, founded 1450 University of Barcelona, Spain, founded 1450 University of Istanbul, Turky, founded 1453 University of Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germania, founded 1456 University of Friburgo, Baden-Württemberg, Germania, founded 1457 University of Basilea, Switzerland, founded 1460 Università of Munich in Bavaria, Germany, founded 1472

22. University Uppsala, Sweden, founded 1477 University of Copenhagen, Danmark, founded 1479 Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tubinga, Germania, founded 1477 Università di Genova, Italia, founded 1481 University Aberdeen, Scotland, founded 1494 Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Spain, founded 1495

23. First European Universities as Studium in different fields and deserving ruling classes If Bologna due her initial glory to Law studies and Paris to Theology, Oxford will very soon develop her fame bounded to the Logic and Sciences School! Universities deserve the ruling classes expectations: Church, Corporations, Politics

24. The huge science development: Dewey Decimal Classification 1 Class 000 – Computer science, information & general works 2 Class 100 – Philosophy & psychology 3 Class 200 – Religion 4 Class 300 – Social sciences 5 Class 400 – Language 6 Class 500 – Science 7 Class 600 – Technology 8 Class 700 – Arts & recreation 9 Class 800 – Literature 10 Class 900 – History & geography 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

25. Subclassification 300: Social Sciences Class 300 – Social sciences 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology 300 Social sciences 301 Sociology & anthropology 302 Social interaction 303 Social processes 304 Factors affecting social behavior 305 Social groups 306 Culture & institutions 307 Communities 308 No longer usedformerly Polygraphy 309 No longer usedformerly History of sociology

26. Otherwise USA University … USA Universities show from the Beginning great flexibility, private initiatives strong influence and an autonomous regulation, The Middle Class constitutes a central engine of University system (look at the actual debate in USA President election).

27. Harward USA University

28. Back to E. J.Syeyès and A. de Toqueville … E.J. Syeyès: Le Tiers Etat Alexis de Toqueville: Ancient regime and the Revolution, Souvenirs. Max Weber: Die Bürgerliche Kultur (Last Lectures) 1919/20: Munich). The struggle between Lenin bolshevism and Social democratic mediation Rosa Luxembourg and Kautsky) trying to open the rigid Leninist model (Capital Accumulation 1913)

29. Opening of the Etats Generaux: 5th May 1789

30. Academic Youth integrating and overcoming University Tradition The more advanced academic young people, even accepting national and local rules and models Is trying to break the enclosure of Universities Tradition keeping more and more in contact with different universities system worldwide this Young Academic Leading Movement represent the new Ruling Class a real no legitimate Power Tradition: scientific knowledge, Rhetoric, vocational skill New Perspective: Innovative capacity to understand and draw up new scientific, communication and productive world Breaking the Iron Cages of the Luhmanns blocked World

31. Breaking Classical Sociological Paradigms From M. Weber survive the open Historic Social Research Method Up with T. Parsons Social System and Structural Functionalism (also with the R. K. Merton Updating: Theory and Social Structure) Up also with K. Marx Historical Dialectic Capital – Proletarian Class Breaking the Iron Cages of the Luhmanns blocked World :autorefererential closed communicative circulation and interferencies

32. Students move in the World

33. Eminent elements of the new Young Academic Ruling Class (1) Politically independent and not necessarily radical Learning first Epistemology and Methodology in order to acquire easily and quickly professional skills Multicultural personality: to pass from society to another one, from culture to another one, to speak different languages, interact tolerantly with different partners (colleagues, students, managers and clients) Able to avoid the rigid domination of Finance, Politics and University Close System

34. Eminent elements of the new Young Academic Ruling Class (2) Because educated in different academic milieu and national institutions, this New Academic Ruling Class is naturally dealing with interdisciplinary perspective: or in building up scientific theoretic Model or working out applied projects independently from International Corporations ESD Students are surely a Minority but – looking at the acquired experience – they are breaking the Iron Cages of the Luhmanns blocked World:thez will be the New Academic International Ruling Class

35. ESD: sociologydegree.eu Look at the website: sociologydegree.eu Please provide reflections, comments, experiences of International Educational Sociology; provide also pictures to be uploaded on the website: sociologydegree.eu

36. Enlightenment, Positivism, Modern European State (Napoleon) This Ruling Class has to resist against: Modern Continental University marked and leaded by the State. The way out from this central political model is strongly characterizing European Continental University. Binomial of Modernity: Bourgeoisie and State

37. Bourgeoisie Max Weber and Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie, Proletariat and State Max Webers Bourgeoisie has two main characters : Besitz und Bildung –propriety (Capital - ) and culture (–Scientific skill -) Question: How could You this New University Young Ruling Class? You are a potential Answer : ESD / Students

38. Thank you. And now let us Open Debate

39. Süddeutsche Zeitung 11.September 2012 Renten-Diskussion Eine Zukunft voll ängstlicher Wenns Ein Kommentar von Charlotte Frank Ein Kommentar von Charlotte Frank WARUM SOLLTE EIN JUNGER MENSCH NICHT AUCH SELBST FÜR SEIN ALTER VORSORGEN? DIE ANTWORT IST SIMPEL: WEIL ER ES NICHT KANN. LEBENSLÄUFE SEHEN ANDERS AUS ALS ZU DER ZEIT, IN DER DIE ELTERN HEUTIGER BERUFSEINSTEIGER ZU ARBEITEN BEGONNEN HABEN - SIE SIND VOLLER BRÜCHE. DESWEGEN IST ES UMSO WICHTIGER, DASS ENDLICH IN BERLIN DEBATTIERT WIRD. WER NICHT MEHR AN DEN SOZIALSTAAT GLAUBT, DER PFLEGT IHN AUCH IN ZUKUNFT NICHT.