1. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

2. Unit XVII The Nineteenth-Century Piano Piece
“I have called my piano pieces after the names of my favorite haunts…they will form a delightful souvenir, a kind of second diary.”
—Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

3. 45. The Piano and Its Literature
Piano: home use, favorite instrument of virtuosos
Four-hand piano music
Technical improvements
Steinway
44. The Piano and Its Literature
The piano was both a popular instrument for home use and a favored solo instrument for virtuosos
Four-hand piano music (two people playing the same keyboard) was popular with amateurs
Technical improvements to the nineteenth-century piano led to the development of the modern concert grand piano
Steinway won a top award at the Paris Exhibition in 1867 for its fine pianos
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

4. The Short Lyric Piano Piece
Instrumental equivalent to the song
“Prelude,” “Intermezzo,” “Impromptu”
Mazurka, polonaise, waltz, scherzo
Chopin: Prelude in E, Op. 28, No. 4
Chopin: Mazurka, Op. 53, No. 3
The Short Lyric Piano Piece
Instrumental equivalent of the song
A favorite Romantic genre, often given a fanciful title: “Prelude,” “Intermezzo,” “Impromptu”
Often inspired by dance music: Mazurka, polonaise, waltz, scherzo
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

5. The Short Lyric Piano Piece
Frederic
Chopin
Franz
Liszt
Felix
Mendelssohn
The Short Lyric Piano Piece
19th-century masters of short piano piece: Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, Robert and Clara Schumann, Brahms
Robert
Schumann
Fanny
Mendelssohn
Hensel
Franz
Schubert
Johannes
Brahms
Clara
Schumann
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

6. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

7. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

8. 46. Chopin and Piano Music: The “Poet of the Piano”
Frédéric François Chopin (1810–1849)
French/Polish composer and pianist
Career in Paris
Close friends with leading composers, artists, poets, writers
George Sand (Aurore Dudevant)
Tuberculosis
Early death at age 39
45. Chopin and Piano Music
Frédéric François Chopin (1810–1849)
Half French (father), half Polish (mother) composer and pianist
Studied music from an early age
At 21, began career in Paris
Was close friends with leading composers, artists, poets, writers
Doomed romantic friendship with George Sand (Aurore Dudevant)
Suffered from tuberculosis
Early death from the disease at age 39
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

9. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Chopin’s Music
Centered on the piano
Smaller forms: nocturnes, preludes, impromptus, waltzes, mazurkas, études
Larger forms: ballades, polonaises, fantasies, sonatas, piano concertos
Chopin’s Music
Creative life centered on the piano
Credited with originating the modern piano style
His works are a part of the pianists standard repertory
Smaller forms: nocturnes, preludes, impromptus, waltzes, mazurkas, études
Études crown the literature of the study piece
Larger forms: ballades, polonaises, a fantasy, sonatas, piano concertos
Chopin: Fantasie Impromptu
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

10. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Chopin: Polonaise in A major, Op. 40. No. 1 (Military) (Listening Guide)
Solo piano
Ternary dance form
A = martial theme, B = lyrical
Use of traditional polonaise rhythm
Employs rubato
Chopin: Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 1 (Listening Guide)
“Night” piece
Name and character derived from Irish composer/pianist John Field
Ternary form
Modulates through various key centers
Hymnlike middle section
Arpeggiated chords lead to return of opening melody
Use of tempo rubato: “robbed” or “borrowed” time
Performer takes liberties with rhythm
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

11. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

13. 47. Clara Schumann: Pianist and Composer
Clara Wieck Schumann (1819–1896)
German pianist, composer, and interpreter
First public concert at age nine
Wife of Robert Schumann and lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms
Concertized after Robert’s death
Last public concert at age of 72
46. Clara Schumann: Pianist and Composer
Clara Wieck Schumann (1819–1896)
German pianist, composer, and interpreter
Studied music from an early age
First public concert at age nine
Wife of Robert Schumann, and lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms
Parent to seven children with Robert
More famous in her lifetime than her husband
Concertized after Robert’s death to support herself and her children
Last public concert at age of 72
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

14. Clara Schumann’s Music
Songs, piano music, chamber music (including piano trio)
Technically difficult and deeply introspective
Piano concerto
Clara Schumann’s Music
Known for songs, piano music, chamber music
Works are technically difficult and deeply introspective
Two large-scale works: piano concerto and trio for piano and strings
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

15. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Clara Schumann: Nocturne, from Music for an Evening Entertainment, Op. 6 (Listening Guide)
Solo piano
From a set of 6 miniature character pieces
Ternary form with coda
Rich harmony
Complex rhythmic structure
Clara Schumann: Scherzo, Opus 10 (Listening Guide)
Written when she was 19
Exemplifies virtuoso style
Marked Con passione (with passion)
Very popular work
Form: scherzo with two trios
Filled with technical display
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

16. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

17. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

18. 48. Louis Gottschalk and Piano Music in America
Louis Moreau Gottschalk ( )
Native of New Orleans
1st internationally acclaimed U.S. composer
Affinity for the Afro-Caribbean folk music
Popular in the U.S., South America, & Caribbean
Died in Brazil 1869
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

19. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Gottschalk's Music
Remembered today for his piano music
Composed operas, orchestral works, American patriotic tunes
Exploited all manner of dance and song forms
Syncopated rhythms anticipate ragtime
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

20. Gottschalk: The Banjo (Le banjo: Fantasie grotesque) (Listening Guide)
Free form work for solo piano
2 main sections, each repeated
Highly syncopated
Imitates strumming and picking of banjo
Melody in coda suggests Camptown Races
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

21. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition