1. 21st of May 2015

2. Company Car or Mobility Budget? Toon Zijlstra Dept. Transport and Regional Economics University of Antwerp

3. Outline of this presentation The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions

4. The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions

5. Tax benefit 5 Harding (2014) Untaxed benefit in Belgium 278 euro/month

6. 6

7. Annual kilometres 7

8. Higher levels of car ownership Short lifespan Parking problems Congestion 8 + 20% 4 years

9. The mobility budget 9 + Other benefits ++++++

10. Research questions Are people willing to select a cheaper car? Are people willing to loose their company car? Do people appreciate the opportunities of multimodal and intermodal travel? 10

11. The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions

12. Research project considerations Revealed preference data not available Limited number of real-life examples Fragmented data, unique situations “Good news” shows New law needed in Belgium for large scale experiments or implementation of MB  Stated preference survey 12

13. Discrete choice experiment Fixed budget per choice situation Annual choice Expensive Mobility options 13

14. 14

15. Experiment design 2 budget ranges: €6 000 - €9 000 per year €9 000 - €11 000 per year 16 choice situations 2 options 15

16. Data gathering Online questionnaire 12 large companies in Belgium 2200 respondents 817 target group: company car drivers with full operational lease and no personal contribution Responds rate 38% 16

17. 17 Company car, cat. 3; No bicycle; No PT; No extra leave; No extra wage Company car, cat. 2 Standard bicycle No PT 2 extra leave days No extra wage Please select the most attractive option Both options cost about €9000 for one year

18. The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions

19. Ternary plots 19 Public transport Income Others A short introduction

20. Ternary plots 20 Public transport Income Others Elements Here: bicycle, company car and leave days

21. Ternary plots 21 Public transport Income Others 100% of the budget for extra income 100% of the budget for other elements

22. Ternary plots 22 Public transport Income Others More PT, Less income More ‘others’, Less PT More income, Less ‘others’

23. Ternary plots 23 Public transport Income Others Black: Relative high utility Yellow: Relative low utility Out of bounds

24. The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions Now for real

25. Two classes 25 Bonus Company car Others Bonus Company car Others Class I: 2/3 of the respondents Class II: 1/3 of the respondents

26. Other mobility options 26 Public Transport BicycleOthers Public Transport BicycleOthers

27. Limited popularity of Public Transport 27 Public Transport Company carOthers Public Transport Company carOthers

28. Bonus – Bicycle - Others 28 Bonus BicycleOthers Bonus BicycleOthers

29. Order of interest Class I Company Car Leave days Bonus Bicycle PT Class II Bonus Leave days Bicycle Company car PT 29

30. General Probabilities 30 YesNo Company car64%36% Bicycle35%65% PT11%89% Leave days82%18% Bonus38%62%

31. Multimodal probabilities 31 € 7 500€ 9 000€ 10 500 CC + Bicycle4.9%6.1%6.0% CC + PT0.0%0.5%0.7% Bicycle + PT0.0%0.3%0.0% CC + Bicycle + PT0.0%

32. The mobility budget Method and data Results Discussion and conclusions

33. Conclusions: Research questions Are people willing to loose their company car? Yes, if the conditions are right Are people willing to select a cheaper car to save money for other goals? Not really Do people appreciate the opportunities of multimodal and intermodal travel? Hardly 33

34. Toon Zijlstra University of Antwerp, Belgium toonzijlstra@uantwerp.be // +323 265 44 74 toonzijlstra@uantwerp.be Questions? 34