1. EBU TECHNICAL The free lunch: progressive-scan at the same bit rate? (or how I learned to love 1080p/60) David Wood and Hans Hoffmann European Broadcasting Union

2. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Where’s the deep magic?  The compressed bit needed for 1080p/60 is the same or less than for 1080i/60.  Original scenes always exist in ‘whole pictures’  Interlacing is a form of compression (drop alternate lines with field offset).  Interlacing is a ‘systematic’ compression system (same whatever the contents of the scene).  Hybrid MC DCT is a ‘content adaptive’ compression.  Interlacing is the New England Patriots.  Hybrid MC DCT/Wavelet is the New York Giants.  You know who should win.

3. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Where’s the deep magic?  An interlaced system combines TWO stages of compression: first interlacing, then hybrid MC DCT.  A progressive system just uses hybrid MC DCT for the total process.  The hybrid MC DCT (redundancy extraction) ‘replaces’ the interlacing.  We replace a ‘systematic system’ with a ‘content adaptive’ system.  The content adaptive system is ‘bound to win’.  The progressive system will always be equal to or better than an interlaced system on average.  Interlace needs half the bit rate of a progressive system only because it already half compressed.

4. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation That was yesterday....  Interlacing was a brilliant idea in the 1930s.  We used interlaced scanning because it was a simple way to reduce bit rate by 50% when we had no other ways.  We used interlaced scanning because it was a good match to the way a CRT works.  Which of the above apply now?

5. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Idealised spectrum bounderies...for rapid look.

6. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation WHERE DOES 1080P/60 FIT TODAY? Production, Contribution, distribution.

7. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Playing the new ‘Chutes and Ladders’ 123 456 789 LINEAR (audio-visual mat) NON LINEAR (audio-visual mat) MULTIMEDIA/SOCIAL (data, text, pictures, interact) MEDIA - SERVICES MEDIA - CONTEXT SHARED (lean backward) PERSONAL (lean forward) MOBILE (on the move) Media companies need to be active on all platforms: Different services Different networks Different devices

8. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Growth in quality of experience 123 456 789 LINEAR (audio-visual mat) NON LINEAR (audio-visual mat) MULTIMEDIA/SOCIAL (data, text, pictures, interact) MEDIA - SERVICES MEDIA - CONTEXT SHARED (lean backward) PERSONAL (lean forward) MOBILE (on the move) NEED FOR INCREASED QUALITY “Beyond HD”

9. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation The staircase to production quality heaven... 1990s2004….2016….2011…202x DIGITAL Standard TV 625 –lines DIGITAL Standard TV 625 –lines Legacy HDTV 1080i/25 & 720p50 S3D two ½ HD images Legacy HDTV 1080i/25 & 720p50 S3D two ½ HD images Transition analogue to digital Transition SDTV to HDTV HD Master Format 1080p/50 Progressive S3D Two nor mal HDTV images HD Master Format 1080p/50 Progressive S3D Two nor mal HDTV images Transition to 1080p/50 (full HD) 4k UHDTV Progressive Larger colour range. 3DTV Two normal HDTV images 4k UHDTV Progressive Larger colour range. 3DTV Two normal HDTV images 4k (4x1080p) 8k Ultra HDTV Progressive Higher Frame rates Larger colour range. 3DTV Multiview 8k Ultra HDTV Progressive Higher Frame rates Larger colour range. 3DTV Multiview 8k (16 x 1080p) Immersive Quality

10. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation What happens to quality?

11. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation 1080i/30 (interlaced) 1920 1080 1.5 Gbit/s Nominal static resolution 1920x1080 60 frame progressive 1080p/60 (progressive) 1920 1080 3 Gbit/s 720p/60 (progressive) 1280 720 1.5 Gbit/s 1080p/60...

12. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Master format: easy to derive 720p/60 and 1080i/30 Higher image quality headroom Multi-genre production 3G-SDI enables 1080p/50 in production and 3D applications (two normal HD signals) Studio compression systems for 1080p/50 on the market Why 1080p/60 production ?

13. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation EBU Tests on studio compression systems for 1080p/50  Conducted in a project between EBU and industry  Multigeneration testing 1080p/50 (progressive) 1920 1080 3 Gbit/s interface 365 Mbit/sec 160.4 GByte/hour AVID DNxHD 4:2:2 10 bit Panasonic AVC-Intra 200 4:2:2 10 bit 454.6 Mbit/sec 199.77 GByte/hour SONY HDCAM-SR HDCAM-SR lite 4:2:2 10 bit 734 Mbit/sec 322,5 GByte/hour 367 Mbit/sec 161.2 GByte/hour Graphic Massimo Visca, RAI

14. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation  Zeiss Master Prime Lens  Sony F35 Camera  Skilled team (NRK+ others)  Uncompressed storage YUV10 2 DVS systems with dual link  Sony reference display 23” LCD Shooting test sequences in 1080p/50 State of the art equipment

15. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation  Expert Viewing at IRT (1°- 3° March 2011) Dolby 42” PRM-4200 Professional Reference Monitor (1920 x 1080 LCD monitor with LED backlighting). Viewers from more than 10 EBU members

16. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Snell Alchemist converter 1080p/50 to 1080i/25 1080p/50 to 720p/50 Full Quality HDTV Library

17. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation  Different encoders provide different performance but, on average, the encoders demonstrated a performance which is nearly transparent to the original even up to the 7th generation.  The tested codecs (1080p/50, 1080i/25, 720p/50) meet the EBU requirements for image quality.  Different encoders provide different quality headroom.  Target applications today: high budget productions. Conclusion:  High quality 1080p/50 production tools are available Expert viewing - Results in a nutshell

18. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation  The BPN reports The Results

19. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Step 2: 1080p50 in an End to End Chain  Demonstration at IBC 2011  Live chain including 1080p/50 camera, 2 hops-- contribution codecs and distribution encoder, prototype set-top box  Simulations a 1080i/25 chain was set up using the same bit-rates  Image quality comparison on two Dolby reference Monitors

20. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation IBC 2011 experiment with live 1080p/50 chain  Live 1080p/50 from Frankfurt to Geneva to Amsterdam

21. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Towards a single HD production master format:1080p/50  Live 1080p/50 from Frankfurt to Geneva to Amsterdam

22. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation

24. Results of the experiment  A end to end 1080p/50 chain is feasible with today’s equipment  Same distribution bit rate as 1080i/25 with better image quality (main benefit is sharpness stays in motion)  Is mainstream production possible? –If manufacturers would reduce prices, yes –But not all editing systems support 1080p/50 yet  In distribution? –Systems such as DVB support 1080p/50 –Many home display with HDMI 1.3 can show 1080p/50 –New set-top boxes/receivers with support of H.264 Level 4.1 would be required

25. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation HDTV today 1080i/25 (interlaced) 1920 1080 720p/50 (progressive) 1280 720  Quality in the home –Larger size display make artefacts more visible –Displays are all progressive – low cost up-converters for interlaced HD –UHDTV displays set to appear in the home –Alternative content (download, Games) better than broadcasts?  Consequently: need for better image delivery format ?

26. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Is the difference big enough between 1080i/25 and 1080p/50?  Is the difference visible in the home?  On a small display (up to 42”) – likely not  With larger displays, or displays up converting to 4K UHDTV displays – very likely YES  In production to have a future proof master: YES

27. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation What about an intermediate chain….? 8k@p60 Or 4k@p60 4k@p50 4k@p50 with HEVC X Mbps 4k Display production chain We would be curious in such an subjective comparission experiment: 1080@p50 With H.264 14 Mbps

28. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Overall conclusion 1080p/60 may be the best production option for 720p/60 and 1080i/30 delivery Uses ‘3G’ production infrastructures Many broadcasters are wisely “1080p/50 ready” There is no 4K infrastructure available yet Still high prices, not yet ‘mainstream’ Production bit-rates 200…400 Mbit/s Best master format for the next few years until 4K UHDTV is feasible In the home, 1080p60 may be an option for some services - many consumer displays and some receivers can handle 1080p60 1080p/50 in distribution could also help a 4k production and home environment.

29. EBU TECHNICAL - your reference in media technology and innovation Thank you for listening!  Further questions contact: hoffmann@ebu.ch and wood@ebu.chhoffmann@ebu.ch wood@ebu.ch Acknowledgements  EBU Codec group of SP HIPS many members and industry  Massimo Visca, RAI (also for some slides)  Jens Fischer (Master Student), IBC demo  Many others……..