1. IPv6 – part I. FUNDAMENTALS AND PROTOCOLS / ICND 1

2. IPv4 vs. IPv6 Header

3. IPv4 vs. IPv6 Features

4. IPv6 benefits  More efficient routing;  Quality of service (QoS)  Elimination of the NAT requirement  Network Layer security with end-to-end IPsec  Ease of management using stateless address autoconfiguration  Improved header format to reduce header overhead.

5. IPv6 Addressing  IPv6 address = 128b  Unknown address::/128  Loopback address::1  Link-local addressFE80::/10  Site-local addressFEC0::/10 – deprecated  Unique localFD00::/8  Global addressAll otherwise not reserved, ie. 2000::/3  Multicast addressFF00::/8  Anycast address

6. Link-local address Unique only on individual link. Link-local addresses are never routable!

7. Unique local address  Prefix FD00::/8  Similar to privite IPv4 addresses  Not registered globaly like Global Unicast addresses  FD [8b] + Global ID [40b] + Subnet [16b] + Interface ID [64b]  Not routed over public Internet

8. Multicast address  Multicast address is an indetifier for a group of nodes  What‘s the difference to Broadcast?  Broadcast packets are not routable, and every node on a subnet must process them.  In IPv6 ICMPv6 messages - MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) are used for Multicast group management

9. Anycast address  Anycast address can be assigned to multiple nodes in the group  Routing protocol takes a decision to route a packet to nearest node  What‘s the difference to Multicast?  Multicast – all nodes in the group process the packet

10. Global unicast address  Routed over public Internet, globally unique  Assigned by registered authorities (IANA, RIR, LIR)  IPv6 global address  2001:DEAD:BEEF::/48  2001:DEAD:BEEF:0001::/64  2001:DEAD:BEEF:0001:0000:0000:0000:0001 = 2001:DEAD:BEEF:1::1/128

11. IPv6 Protocols  OSPF upgraded to version 3  ICMP upgraded to ICMPv6  ARP replaced by NDP

12. ICMPv6  performs error reporting, diagnostic functions  Message types  Destination unreachable  Time exceeded  Echo request, reply  NDP  Router advertisement, Router solicitation, Neighbor advert., Neighbor sol.  …

13. Neighbor Discovery Protocol  Layer 2 protocol  Responsible for  address autoconfiguration of nodes  discovery of other nodes on the link  determining the Link Layer addresses of other nodes  duplicate address detection  finding available routers

14. EUI-64 format

15. IPv6 routing protocols  IPv4  RIPv2, OSPFv2, EIGRP, BGP, ISIS  IPv6  RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRPv6, BGP, ISIS

16. Other IPv6 features  Stateless autoconfiguration  Statefull autoconfiguration  DHCPv6