1. Development and Health Malaria Introduction to Malaria [Date] Today I will: - Know the physical and human factors which put people at risk of malaria

2. Development and Health Malaria Introduction

3. Development and Health Malaria Global population at risk: 2.3 billion people (about 40% of the world’s population) Global annual mortality: 1.5 - 3 million deaths, or between 4000 and 8000 each day In the time it takes to say the word malaria, ten people, seven of them children, will have caught it

4. Development and Health Malaria The name comes from the Italian mal (bad) and aria (air) – it was originally thought the disease was spread by the damp air from swamps.

5. Development and Health Malaria The link between the disease and the Anopheles Mosquito was first made by Ronald Ross, a Scottish army doctor, working in India.

6. Development and Health Malaria You can catch Malaria from blood transfusions, infected needles or intra placentally i.e. from a mother to the baby in her womb. But by far the most common way is by being bitten by the female Anopheles Mosquito.

7. Development and Health Malaria When the Anopheles Mosquito “bites”, it actually sinks a long, thin mouth part, the proboscis, into the skin. The mosquito then pumps saliva under the skin, to stop the blood clotting – so that it can drink uninterrupted! In the saliva is the main culprit, the Plasmodium, a single-cell blood parasite.

8. Development and Health Malaria There are four types of malaria: Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium Falciparum – the most deadly. If the person is infected, then they will transfer the Plasmodium into the mosquito, which can then fly off and infect someone else. If the mosquito is carrying the Plasmodium, then it will transfer it to the victim’s bloodstream in its saliva.

9. Development and Health Malaria The Effects

10. Development and Health Malaria

11. Sudden onset of cold stage – patient shivers violently and turns blue with cold, even though his actual temperature is rising. Lasts about one hour… Hot stage – high temperature, headache, sickness and dizziness. Lasts several hours… Sweating stage patient soaked in sweat, but begins to feel better after 2-3 hours… Several days of weakness and slow recovery INFECTION Several days of headaches and vague, flu-like pains of the body… Development and Health Malaria

12. Development and Health Malaria Microscopic magnification shows Plasmodium falciparum—the most virulent of the four malaria parasites that infect humans—destroying red blood cells in the liver. It digests a cell's haemoglobin, multiplies inside to the point of rupturing the cell, and rapidly spreads a new generation of infection.

13. Development and Health Malaria Blood vessels to the brain are blocked with dead red blood cells, starving the brain of oxygen. Coma or death will follow rapidly.

14. Development and Health Malaria Most at risk are the very young, who have not yet developed any degree of natural immunity… …along with pregnant women, whose immune system is weakened.

15. Development and Health Malaria Without rapid medical help, many of these children will die: currently one every 30 seconds or less.

16. Development and Health Malaria Adult victims will have repeated attacks for many years, unless treated. When ill, they cannot work.

17. Development and Health Malaria Some famous sufferers of malaria

18. Development and Health Malaria Distribution (Where can you find malaria?)

19. Development and Health Malaria Malaria is a disease which is endemic in many countries. This means it is always present.

20. Development and Health Malaria