1. 1 Topics This module, which will involve the trainee in reading and producing basic building drawings, will include the following topics:This module, which will involve the trainee in reading and producing basic building drawings, will include the following topics:  Understand the concept of drawing to scale  Read off measurements using a scale rule  Determine lengths using various scales  Recognise types and sizes of drawings.  Draw to scale  Sketch hatchings  Understand what symbols are used for  Lettering drawings

2. 2 Drawing Equipment Materials required to complete this moduleMaterials required to complete this module  Drawing board  Tee Square  600 / 300 + 450 set squares  Board clips – 2 number  Pencils 2H & HB  Compass  Scale Rule  Protractor  Rubber  Drawing paper A2 ( 420mm x 297mm )  Drawing paper A3 ( 420mm X 594mm )

3. 3 Introduction Drawings are one of the simplest forms of communication available in the construction industry.Drawings are one of the simplest forms of communication available in the construction industry. They are used extensively for transmitting ideas and information.They are used extensively for transmitting ideas and information. The range and type of drawings used are very wide, from simple sketches, scale plans, graphs, product range drawings and charts.The range and type of drawings used are very wide, from simple sketches, scale plans, graphs, product range drawings and charts. The type of drawing used will for the most part depend on the information to be transmitted and the time it is to be used.The type of drawing used will for the most part depend on the information to be transmitted and the time it is to be used. All construction drawings are produced in accordance with BS1192 Drawing Office Practice

4. 4 Reading Drawings The ability to understand and exact information from drawings is one that everyone in construction needs.The ability to understand and exact information from drawings is one that everyone in construction needs. The simplest way of learning to understand drawings is to do some drawings.The simplest way of learning to understand drawings is to do some drawings. The learning exercises within this section are designed to teach the basics of drawing techniques.The learning exercises within this section are designed to teach the basics of drawing techniques. Study the examples and information given in each section before attempting the exercises.Study the examples and information given in each section before attempting the exercises. In the Construction Industry it is impractical to make full size drawings of buildings etc., therefore, drawings are produced that are smaller and to scale. The ratio of sizes is kept by using certain scales.The ratio of sizes is kept by using certain scales. These drawings are called: SCALE DRAWINGSThese drawings are called: SCALE DRAWINGS

5. 5 Drawing Equipment A great variety of equipment is available; the quality of equipment chosen will depend on price and the amount of use it is expected to get.A great variety of equipment is available; the quality of equipment chosen will depend on price and the amount of use it is expected to get. Spending several hundreds of pounds on a drawing board and equipment would be a waste of money to most building students, but not to an architect or draughtsman.Spending several hundreds of pounds on a drawing board and equipment would be a waste of money to most building students, but not to an architect or draughtsman. Equally so, buying a very cheap set of equipment for one or two pounds may be useful to a 5 year old to play at drawing, but would be a complete waste of time for any building student.Equally so, buying a very cheap set of equipment for one or two pounds may be useful to a 5 year old to play at drawing, but would be a complete waste of time for any building student.

6. 6 Drawing Board A simple A2 size drawing board will be quite sufficient for most students.A simple A2 size drawing board will be quite sufficient for most students. Architects, technicians and draughts-person will probably be better off with A1 size drawing board with a sliding parallel ruleArchitects, technicians and draughts-person will probably be better off with A1 size drawing board with a sliding parallel rule.

7. 7 Tee Square A well-made tee square is necessary for drawing with a board that has no sliding rule.A well-made tee square is necessary for drawing with a board that has no sliding rule. The ‘Tee’ square may be made of hardwood or plastic.The ‘Tee’ square may be made of hardwood or plastic. It is used to keep the line parallel.It is used to keep the line parallel. The stock must be kept tight up to the edge of the drawing board as shown.The stock must be kept tight up to the edge of the drawing board as shown.

8. 8 Pencils Use only good quality drawing pencilsUse only good quality drawing pencils Drawing pencils range from soft to hardDrawing pencils range from soft to hard H pencils range from H to 10H – these are hardH pencils range from H to 10H – these are hard B pencils also range from B to 10B – these are softB pencils also range from B to 10B – these are soft The softest pencil being B to the hardest pencil being 10HThe softest pencil being B to the hardest pencil being 10H Always use a pencil with a sharp pointAlways use a pencil with a sharp point Use a 2H pencil to complete the drawing, and using a 2H pencil will make it possible to draw feint lines faintUse a 2H pencil to complete the drawing, and using a 2H pencil will make it possible to draw feint lines faint A softer pencil is used to harden in the lines required for the finished drawingA softer pencil is used to harden in the lines required for the finished drawing This will reduce the amount of times an eraser is requiredThis will reduce the amount of times an eraser is required

9. 9 Feint Lines Using feint lines during the completion of a drawing is common practice. These lines are called ‘construction lines’ because they are used in the construction of the drawing, and outline the overall shape of objects or sections within the drawing. These lines are not really noticed on the finished drawingUsing feint lines during the completion of a drawing is common practice. These lines are called ‘construction lines’ because they are used in the construction of the drawing, and outline the overall shape of objects or sections within the drawing. These lines are not really noticed on the finished drawing Construction lines used to outline the shape of the coping stone

10. 10 Propelling Pencils Propelling pencils are also very useful for drawing, giving thin lines and saving time in having to keep sharpening pencils.Propelling pencils are also very useful for drawing, giving thin lines and saving time in having to keep sharpening pencils. There are many types of these pencils available with different lead thickness.There are many types of these pencils available with different lead thickness. Holder for 2mm lead Holder for a finer 0.5mm lead

11. 11 Erasers Combination eraserCombination eraser  These are available for both pencil and ink or a combination of both Coloured novelty erasersColoured novelty erasers  Good quality erasers are essential, coloured novelty erasers will leave a stain on the paper. By doing the initial drawing very faint and only hardening in the lines required for the finished drawing, the use of an eraser can be avoided.By doing the initial drawing very faint and only hardening in the lines required for the finished drawing, the use of an eraser can be avoided. Excessive use will lead to a rough surfaceExcessive use will lead to a rough surface  Excessive use of the eraser will spoil the surface of the paper and repeated used can make holes in the paper. Good quality erasers are grey or white in colourGood quality erasers are grey or white in colour

12. 12 Board Clips These clips are to hold the paper in place and protect the board.These clips are to hold the paper in place and protect the board. Drawing pins should not be used as they will damage the board.Drawing pins should not be used as they will damage the board.

13. 13 Set Squares At least TWO are recommended.At least TWO are recommended.  A 45  angle set square and  A 60  /30  combination set square The set squares should be at least 150 mm long on the shortest side.The set squares should be at least 150 mm long on the shortest side. Adjustable Set Square; these are very useful and combine all angles.Adjustable Set Square; these are very useful and combine all angles. 60  / 30  45  Adjustable Set Square

14. 14 Protractor & Compass Protractor This is used for setting out angles other than 300, 450, 600 or 900.This is used for setting out angles other than 300, 450, 600 or 900.Compass Used for drawing circles and arcs in geometry.Used for drawing circles and arcs in geometry. A spare pin allows the compass to be used as a divider.A spare pin allows the compass to be used as a divider. Note: A compass that holds a pencil is usually of poor quality and impossible to draw true circles with.