2. Steth Anatomy 1.Headset metal part where tubing is fitted; has 2 eartubes, tension springs, and the ear-tips. Some angled to wearer’s ear canals. The eartube tension is adjustable

3. 2.Eartip Soft-sealing eartips offer increased comfort while wearing.

4. 3.Eartube (or binural) The eartube is the part to which the ear-tips are attached.

5. 4.Tunable Diaphragm A traditional stethoscope consists of a bell and a diaphragm. The bell is used with light skin contact to hear low frequency sounds and the diaphragm is used with firm skin contact to hear high frequency sounds. Littmann stethoscope’s patented tunable diaphragm technology alternates between bell and diaphragm modes with a simple pressure change on the chest-piece. Use light contact to hear low frequency sounds. Press firmly for high frequency sounds.

6. 5.Stem The stem connects the stethoscope tubing to the chest-piece.

7. 6.Tubing This connects the stem to the binurals & allows sound to be transferred from the chest piece to the ear pieces. Usually rubber or latex or PVC based

8. 7.Chest-piece is the part of the stethoscope that is placed on the location where the user wants to hear sound. The large side can be used for adult patients, while the small side is especially useful for paediatric or thin patients, around bandages and for carotid assessment.

9. Basic Heart Anatomy 1. From the body through the veins – BLUE (dirty blood – deoxygenated blood) 2. Enters through superior and inferior vena cava 3. Right Atrium 4. Through the Tricuspid Valve 5. Into Right Ventricle 6. Through Pulmonary Valve 7. Into Pulmonary Artery 8. Out to Lungs – changes to RED 9. Back to heart via Pulmonary Vein 10. Into Left Atrium 11. Through Bicuspid Valve 12. Into Left Ventricle 13. Through Aortic Valve 14. Into Aorta 15. Back to body via Arteries

11. Sternal Angle

12. Pulse Sites