1. OSAC/ISMA Conference The Changing Nature of Cyber Space Ryan W. Garvey

2. OSAC/ISMA Conference Overview Smartphone’s Threats Protection Cyber threats Emerging Defense and mitigation Outlook Social media/networking Hacktivism

3. OSAC/ISMA Conference Architecture, technologies and capabilities of telecommunication networks and mobile phones have significantly changed BlackBerry and iPhone and third generation (3G) mobile networks Millions of people around the world can make calls from almost any place in the world True mobility in accessing internet and information “Anywhere, Anytime, any Device”

4. OSAC/ISMA Conference Popular usage of mobile phones and smartphone’s Company’s e-mail service (e.g. via RIM Blackberry or MS Mobile Outlook) Company’s calendar service (e.g. via MS Mobile Outlook and Microsoft Exchange) Shared file systems (e.g. Microsoft SharePoint) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems Applications dedicated to mobile phones Mobile Sales Force Automation (SFA) SMS alerts and notifications Company’s internal network via Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections.

5. OSAC/ISMA Conference E-commerce and E-banking purposes User authentication via software tokens running on Smartphone’s Access to mobile banking applications to make money transfers Electronic transaction authentication Via one time passwords sent by bank to the users via SMSes Micropayments via SMS, USSD or interactive voice channel Premium content purchase (so called Premium SMS) Alerts and notifications Change of account balance, debit or credit card usage etc. Electronic signatures via online, native or SIM card applications Practical application of mobile phones and Smartphone's is almost endless

6. OSAC/ISMA Conference Realities Mobile malware is not a future threat but a current threat First mobile phone malware seen over 10 years ago In September 2009 – 100 known families – More than 500 modifications In 2010 - today –Every month a new mobile malware was identified –March 2011 – 60 malicious apps found in Android Marketplace

7. OSAC/ISMA Conference Possible crossover’s from PC to Mobile: –Redirect user’s web traffic through attacker’s proxy server or unauthorized access point Attacker may remotely change mobile browser and network configuration, Recording and sharing all web information sent from mobile device (e.g. all information from HTTP GET and POST) Modifying web browser (e.g. Firefox for iPhone, or Opera Mini) Replacing executable binaries on the phone, so all information sent to the Internet can be intercepted –Unauthorized remote use of phone’s personal area network capabilities (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) Remotely attack another user and penetrate networks that are in the range of Smartphone, creating mobile Botnets Perform distributed denial of service attacks on any target via “regular” (e.g. Internet) or mobile (e.g. SMSes, MMSes etc.) communication channels

8. OSAC/ISMA Conference Two Android examples –Tap Snake In the Android Market Place Tracks and monitors user’s location - GPS Spy GPS data includes date and time of user’s location Physical access required to enable GPS Spy feature –Movie Player Not in Android Market Place SMS Trojan Poses as harmless media player application Sends SMS messages to premium-rate numbers Scam has only affected Android Smartphone users in Russia.

9. OSAC/ISMA Conference Impacts Loss of valuable data Loss of Intellectual Property Loss of productivity Negative impact on profits or stock price Brand damage Lawsuits Class actions

10. OSAC/ISMA Conference Cyber Threats

11. OSAC/ISMA Conference Types of Threats

12. OSAC/ISMA Conference Even More Threats Cybercrime, online fraud and the theft of confidential information Bots, Botnets and “modular” malicious code Web applications are increasingly become the focal point of attacks “Man-in-the-Middle” attacks that circumvent multi-factor authentication

13. OSAC/ISMA Conference Security Defense-in-Depth Adversaries attack the weakest link…where is yours? Risk assessment Security planning, policies, procedures Configuration management and control Contingency planning Incident response planning Security awareness and training Security in acquisitions Physical security Personnel security Security assessments and authorization Access control mechanisms Identification & authentication mechanisms (Biometrics, tokens, passwords) Audit mechanisms Encryption mechanisms Boundary and network protection devices (Firewalls, guards, routers, gateways) Intrusion protection/detection systems Security configuration settings Anti-viral, anti-spyware, anti-spam software Smart cards Continuous monitoring Links in the Security Chain: Management, Operational, and Technical Controls

14. OSAC/ISMA Conference Inventories of authorized and unauthorized devices and software –Don’t allow personal preferences –Don’t let outside connect flash drives or other devices to your network –Use software such as DeviceLock –Do not download software from the Internet, do not use outside CDs, DVDs Wireless device control Hardware and Software Inventories

15. OSAC/ISMA Conference Trust but Verify Maintenance, monitoring, and analysis of security audit logs Continuous vulnerability assessment and remediation System of sanctions for improper behavior Remote scanning from HQ Intrusion detection systems

16. OSAC/ISMA Conference Limit Access to Need Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges Should only be used for administrator duties Use “RunAs” command whenever possible Do not leave systems logged on Controlled access based on need to know Account monitoring and control

17. OSAC/ISMA Conference Application Software Security Be a good implementer No need to reinvent the wheel Patch quickly - organizations take twice as long to patch application vulnerabilities as they take to patch operating system vulnerabilities Use automated updates when possible

18. OSAC/ISMA Conference Malware Defenses Firewalls: Block most hacker tools and network worms. Antispyware: Blocks spyware, Trojans, network and email worms, spyware, but not viruses. Antivirus: Blocks viruses and email worms. Intrusion Prevention Software: Block viruses, worms and other malware by looking for the typical behavior of these attacks.

19. OSAC/ISMA Conference Data Loss Prevention Backups –Redundancy –Different schedules –Offsite backup Secure Network Engineering Penetration Tests and Red Team Exercises Incident Response Capability Data Recovery Capability

20. OSAC/ISMA Conference Education of Users Don’t download programs from the Internet Do not use outside CDs, DVDs Don’t attach outside devices Don’t open unfamiliar e-mails, especially attachments Don’t surf sites not needed for work Scan all files before opening

21. OSAC/ISMA Conference Quick and Easy Protective Strategies

22. OSAC/ISMA Conference Security Program Minimums

23. OSAC/ISMA Conference Outlook Social Networking Continued growth Continued threats Hacktivism Anonymous DoS Reputation & other attacks Increased focus on Corporations?

24. OSAC/ISMA Conference Ryan W. Garvey Coordinator Information Security & Cyber Threats 571-345-7748 garveyrw@state.gov