1. Nation of Kings By: Mackenzie Siverd, Zach Birkbeck, Paula Miller, Annabelle Roth, Brendan Becker, Drew Smiley, Zach May, Devon Kelly, Olivia Buentello, and Nicole Arita

2. Louis IX Government/Politics  Ruled from 1226-1270  Came to the throne at age 12  Created a supreme court for France called the Parlement of Paris- could overturn the decisions of local courts  Had a reputation for honor and fairness  He created a hospital for the poor, blind, and sick  He strengthened France’s central government Religion  Was made a saint in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII Technology/Warfare  He led the 7 th crusade

3. Philip IV Government/Politics  Philip was born in 1268 and died in 1314  King of France from 1285-1314  Kings usually had meetings with their lords and bishops when they needed support  Nicknamed Philip the Fair  To win wider support, a decision was made to include people of the middle class  Church leaders- First Estate  Great lords- Second Estate  Middle-class- Third Estate  The whole meeting was known as the Estate General  Like Parliament in it early years, estates- helped to increase royal power against the nobility  Unlike Parliament- the Estates never became an independent force that limited the king’s power Economy/Trade  He increased the royal revenue- the income of a government, used to pay for a nation’s expenses  Taxed the clergy- religious leader, for defense of the kingdom

4. Charles VI Government/Politics  He came to power in 1368 at the age of 12 and ruled until 1422  Charles suffered from many different mental illnesses but no one could figure out what they were  Charles’ first psychotic event was in 1392 when he attempted to murder his advisor  Charles’ uncle was Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and he took over the government  Had two nicknames during his rule- Beginning- Charles the Beloved, End- Charles the Mad  Charles married Bavarian Princess Isabeau in 1385 Economy/Trade  Philip raised taxes and plundered- to steal goods from a place or person, the treasury  Charles fixed his uncle’s mistakes which were raising the taxes and stealing treasure from the empire Technology/Warfare  Charles was riding to go to war when a man stopped him and said, “Ride no further, noble king! Turn back! You are betrayed!”  Charles did not believe the man and beat him  However, Charles then became worried and thought he was riding with traitors- he killed four men, calmed down, and went into a coma

5. Charles VII Government/Politics  He was born on February 22 nd, 1403 as the 11 th child of Charles VI and died on July 22 nd, 1461  Won the French throne with the help of Joan of Arc- after Joan’s victory in Orleans, she convinced Charles to come with her to be crowned king  On Sunday, July 17, 1429, he was crowned king  Charles was nicknamed “Charles the Well-Served”  Charles also set up a royal class using the middle class men as officials  Joan was captured in 1430 and accused of being a witch and a heretic  Even though Charles owed his crown to her, he did nothing to help rescue her Economy/Trade  He found new sources of money in two taxes: -taille- a tax on land -gabelle- a tax on salt  For more than 300 years- these taxes were the main source of money for French kings Technology/Warfare  Drove the English out of France in 1453 except the city of Calais  Set up the first permanent royal army

6. Louis XI Government /Politics  He was the king of France of the house of Valois and he continued the work of his father  He used trickery, intimidation, bribery, and espionage-the use of spying  Nobles who resisted his rules were bribed or bullied into submission- the willingness to surrender to somebody  Nickname- “Spider King” because of how he “spun a spider web” of plot and conspiracy  He eliminated rebellious vassals  He passed on almost unlimited power to his heirs  To protect Europe, he put all his nobles’ courts there Economy/Trade  Louis gained more money by using the two taxes Charles VII (his father) created, taille and gabelle  He strengthened the economic development of his country

7. Works Cited Louis IX  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348849/Louis-IX http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348849/Louis-IX  www.justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/47.html www.justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/47.html Philip IV  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456170/Philip-IV http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/456170/Philip-IV  http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/philip-iv-king-france.htmlhttp://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/philip-iv-king-france.html Charles VI  https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Charles_VI_of_France.html https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Charles_VI_of_France.html  http://madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl/madmonarchs/charles6/charles6_bio.htm http://madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl/madmonarchs/charles6/charles6_bio.htm Charles VII  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/107133/Charles-VII http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/107133/Charles-VII  http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwcharles7.htm http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwcharles7.htm Louis XI  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348891/Louis-XI http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/348891/Louis-XI  http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Louis_XI_of_France.html http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Louis_XI_of_France.html