1. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Digital Cinema Packaging Primer Kevin Wines Secretary, DC28.0

2. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 About DC28 SMPTE Committee Organized to Create Standards for Digital Cinema Chair – Wendy Aylsworth DC28.10 Mastering; Image, Audio, Sub picture, Compression Chair – Jerry Pierce DC28.10 Mastering; Image, Audio, Sub picture, Compression Chair – Jerry Pierce DC28.20 Distribution; Packaging, Encryption Chair – Howard Lukk DC28.20 Distribution; Packaging, Encryption Chair – Howard Lukk DC28.30 Exhibition; Key Management, Projector (Interface, Performance) Chair - John Wolski DC28.30 Exhibition; Key Management, Projector (Interface, Performance) Chair - John Wolski

3. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 About DC28 Packaging AD HOC Committee under DC28.20 Chair – Jim Whittlesey Create a series of specifications and documents designed to handle Packaging requirements specific to Digital Cinema Create a series of specifications and documents designed to handle Packaging requirements specific to Digital Cinema

4. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Today’s Discussion Digital Cinema Packaging Requirements & Philosophy Requirements & Philosophy Documents – Specifications Operational Constraints Operational Constraints Packing List Packing List Composition PlayList Composition PlayList Track Files Track Files Subtitles (Sub picture) Subtitles (Sub picture)

5. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Today’s Discussion Related Documents & Work Digital Cinema Certificate Digital Cinema Certificate AS-DCP Encryption AS-DCP Encryption

6. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Requirements Provide a Standardized, Common method for exchanging Digital Cinema Essence and associated files and data Essence type aware, but essence agnostic Where possible, build from existing work and/or standards – don’t re-invent the wheel

7. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Philosophy The D-Cinema Packaging is a file interchange format/specification – it is NOT necessarily a storage format One can ingest & store as packaged files then unwrap at playout time Or unwrap at ingest and store the essence in its native format The Packaging Spec should be indifferent to either implementation

8. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Specification Document Roadmap Operational Constraints Segmentation for Physical Media Composition PlayList (XML) Packing List (XML) Sound & Picture Track Subtitle (Sub picture) Essence Wrapping (MXF) D-Cinema Certificate Specification Track File Encryption Specification

9. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Digital Cinema Distribution Package Contents: It will always have one and only one Packing List and at least one of the following: Zero or more Sound or Picture track files Zero or more Subtitle track files Zero or more Composition PlayLists Other files such as fonts, images, etc.

10. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Package Operational Constraints For Constraints needed across specification boundaries

11. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Operational Constraints Describes operation constraints that apply to the entire Digital Cinema Package Describes operation constraints that apply to the entire Digital Cinema Package Must span two or more specification documents Frame rate, Audio sample rate Frame rate, Audio sample rate A Valid DCP has only one Packing List A Valid DCP has only one Packing List Constraints that are specific to a specification/document stay within that specification/document Examples: composition playlist markers Examples: composition playlist markers

12. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Packing List Specification A list of the files, and information about those files included in a Digital Cinema Package Using XML

13. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is XML eXtensible Markup Language Defines a generic syntax used to identify and describe data with simple, human- readable tags W3C-endorsed standard Universal format for exchanging documents & Files

14. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is XML Example Packing List Header <Id>urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000</Id> When Pigs Will Fly II – Swedish Package When Pigs Will Fly II – Swedish Package <IconId>urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000</IconId><IssueDate>2001-12-17T09:30:47-05:00</IssueDate> Distribution Center XYZ Distribution Center XYZ

15. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is the Packing List? A List of all files (assets) included in a given Digital Cinema Distribution Package Also includes Information about the files Is the file encrypted? Is the file encrypted? File size in bytes File size in bytes A hash of each file (asset) A hash of each file (asset) The MIME type of the asset The MIME type of the asset

16. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Packing List Delivery media agnostic No files names No files names No directory structure No directory structure List of Asset Identifiers Unique identifier per asset (UUID) Unique identifier per asset (UUID) Packing ListComposition List Picture Track File Audio Track File AssetID

17. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Packing List Security IssuerCertificate (optional) conforms to D- Cinema certificate defined by DC28.30 IssuerSignature (optional) conforms to W3C XML digital signature standard Constrained X.509v3 Packing List can be Validated and Authenticated The Digital Cinema Distribution Package can be Validated

18. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 How is the Packing List used? Used by Exhibition to determine if all the files were received Integrity checking for all files in the D- Cinema Package

19. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Packing List Structure ID - UUID Annotation Text (optional) IconID (optional) IssueDate Issuer – describes person/company who created Creator – describes the system that created AssetList IssuerCertificate (optional) IssuerSignature (optional)

20. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Per Asset Structure ID – UUID Annotation Text (optional) Hash – hex result of SHA-1 Size (in bytes) MIME Type of Asset Original File Name (optional) Encrypted flag – if present file is encrypted

21. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Composition PlayList Defines how to playback a movie from several picture, audio and subtitle track files Using XML

22. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Composition Playlist Specification Scope Specifies the manner in which individual MXF track files are rendered – within the composition playlist there is an ordered sequence list of track files (reels) A composition list is a self contained representation of a complete Digital Cinema work – either feature film, or a trailer, or an advertisement, or other content

23. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is the Composition PlayList? Composition PlayList Specification: The Composition PlayList Specification defines how the files are assembled to form a digital cinema composition An XML File Integrity is Protected via certifcate and digital signature Integrity is Protected via certifcate and digital signature

24. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Composition PlayList Structure

25. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Composition Security IssuerCertificate (optional) conforms to D- Cinema certificate defined by DC28.30 IssuerSignature (optional) conforms to W3C XML digital signature standard Constrained X.509v3 Composition Playlist can be Validated Authenticated Composition can be Validated

26. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 How is it used? Use by Exhibition to “play” a version of the movie There is a Separate Composition for each language dub – a FIGS release would need 4 composition playlists There is a Separate Composition PlayList for each SubTitle release and for ALL combinations of the above

27. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Composition PlayList Structure ID Annotation Text (optional) IconID (optional) IssueDateContentTitleTextContentKind ContentVersion (optional) RatingListReelList IssuerCertificate (optional) IssuerSignature (optional)

28. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Reel Structure ID AnnotationText (optional) AssetList MainMarkers (optional) MainPicture (optional MainSound (optional)

29. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Asset Structure GenericAssetType ID ID AnnotationText (optional) AnnotationText (optional) EditRate EditRate IntrinsicDuration IntrinsicDuration EntryPoint (optional) EntryPoint (optional) Duration (optional) Duration (optional)

30. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Asset Structure TrackFileAssetType KeyID (optional) KeyID (optional) Hash (optional) Hash (optional)MainMarkers Marker List Marker List Label Label AnnotationText (optional) AnnotationText (optional) Offset Offset

31. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Asset Structure MainPicture FrameRate FrameRate ScreenAspectRatio ScreenAspectRatio AnamorphicSqueeze AnamorphicSqueezeMainSound Language (optional) Language (optional)

32. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Markers FFOC - First Frame of Content LFOC - Last Frame of Content FFTC - First Frame of Title Credits LFTC - Last Frame of Title Credits FFOI - First Frame of Intermission LFOI - Last Frame of Intermission FFEC - First Frame of End Credits LFEC - Last Frame of End Credits FFOB - First Frame of Ratings Band LFOB - Last Frame of Ratings Band FFMC - First displayable frame of content that contains any intensity of moving, rolling or scrolling credits LFMC - Last displayable frame of content that contains any intensity of moving, rolling or scrolling credits

33. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Sound and Picture Track Files The MXF Wrapped Files

34. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is MXF? Material eXchange Format Standards Created in SMPTE W25

35. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What is MXF? An Interchange file format An extensible wrapper format A compression agnostic file format A versatile file format A metadata aware file format A Streamable file format Not an authoring format MXF allows editable packages with simple cuts MXF allows editable packages with simple cuts Everything else is AAF Everything else is AAF

36. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Which MXF Documents? SMPTE 377M Format SMPTE 379M Generic Container SMPTE 390M OP-Atom SMPTE 381M MPEG (long GOP) SMPTE 382M Audio SMPTE EG41 Engineering Guideline SMPTE EG42 Descriptive Metadata Engineering Guideline

37. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 MXF Operational Pattern Selected OP-Atom with the following Constraints Track Files Shall use the MXF Generic Container - SMPTE 379M NO essence interleaving within a Track File Track Files shall not include GC system items Track Files shall not be divided into Partitions Track File shall include standard MXF index tables per SMPTE 377M Shall use the default KLV Alignment Grid of 1 – see SMPTE 377M

38. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Operational Patterns

39. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 The Lowest Level Extensibility by KLV coding K= Key: a unique identifier K= Key: a unique identifier L= Length: how long is the field L= Length: how long is the field V= Value: what is the value of the field V= Value: what is the value of the field

40. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 The Highest Level Basic file structure Simple “Tape replacement” Simple “Tape replacement”

41. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 MXF Sources SMPTE ftp site for SMPTE Specifications Pro MPEG; http://www.pro-mpeg.org The MXF Implementer Group (part of ProMPEG) Snell & Wilcox to release free MXF S/W @ NAB http://www.irt.de/mxf/index.html MOG Solutions SoureForge.com open source mxflib & klvlib

42. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 What are the Sound & Picture Track Files? These are the basic files that contain either a segment of picture, or audio, but not both within the same file Track Files are similar to reels of film The Packaging system will support multiple picture file and a single audio (the length of the composition) Minimum length is 1 sec.

43. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Essence Constraints Each Picture Track shall contain one MXF GC Picture or Sound Each Picture Track shall contain one MXF GC Picture or Sound Picture stream shall be KLV Packets using frame wrapping with appropriate file indexing Picture stream shall be KLV Packets using frame wrapping with appropriate file indexingRaster Frame Rate Compression

44. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Essence Constraints Sound Sampling rate – see Operational Constraints Sound Essence shall be KLV Packets using frame wrapping with appropriate file indexing in Compliance with SMPTE 382M Audio in MXF Generic Container

45. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Descriptive Metadata Constraints Shall contain 377M Header Metadata Shall not use 380M MXF DMS-1 Track files shall contain Digital Cinema Package Specify metadata set DMC-DCP which conforms to the rules of 377M DMS framework DMS-DCP metadata shall be carried in a track file within the DM Segment of a Static DM track per SMPTE 377M Each track file shall be labeled with a register DMS-DCP label

46. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 How are the Sound & Picture Track Files used? At exhibition – the track files are similar to reels of film The Composition PlayList assembles the track files for play out much like a projectists splices together reels of film to form a platter Individual track files may be replaced with updated content

47. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Essence Wrapping These documents specify the fashion in which different types of essence are mapped into MXF files. This effort will likely be carried by W25. Examples of these specifications are: SMPTE 381M Mapping MPEG (Long GOP) into the MXF Generic Container SMPTE 381M Mapping MPEG (Long GOP) into the MXF Generic Container SMPTE 382M Mapping AES and Broadcast Wave Audio into the MXF Generic Container SMPTE 382M Mapping AES and Broadcast Wave Audio into the MXF Generic Container Wrapping of D-Cinema Compression? TBD Wrapping of D-Cinema Compression? TBD

48. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Subtitling The Final Feature Needed to Complete the Package

49. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 SubTitling, New Track File or ? OP-Atom not Appropriate for Subtitling data so a new track file A proposed method: Wrap the DC28.10 XML file in MXF for Distribution Packaging or Rewrite the Data from the DC28.10 XML file into the Composition Playlist Or Leave as Stand-Alone file and reference externally in the CPL

50. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Work in Progress–to be Completed this Quarter Determine preferred method for Packaging of SubTitle information Write Specification Review at next DC28.20 meeting Go To Working Draft Ballot Thereafter

51. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Delivery Media Representation & Segmentation An Organized way to break the Package into manageable pieces

52. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Delivery Media Representation and Segmentation The objective of this set of specifications is to standardize the representation of the standard d-cinema package on a variety of delivery media, both physical and network- based. This may, for instance, include the fashion in which d-cinema package is segmented across multiple physical media, such as DVD-ROM

53. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Digital Cinema Certificate DRM For Digital Cinema

54. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Digital Cinema Certificate Digital Cinema Certificate Specification: Specification of the digital certificate structure A concrete proposal based on X.509 certificates is being drafted This is work outside the scope of Packaging

55. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 AS-DCP Encryption How to Protect the Content

56. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Security Properties Uses KLV organization for encryption, but does not require original media Essence be stored as KLV Encrypted KLV can be can be unwrapped without decrypting the essence content Presence of ‘Encrypted Triplet’ Essence Container Universal Label marks this as an encrypted file (“fast fail”)

57. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Security Properties One Cryptographic key per Track File The first part of each frame may be unencrypted (plaintext) – the size of plaintext is set on each frame The remainder of the frame is encrypted using a strong algorithm (AES)

58. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Security Properties Provides Partial Integrity Checking Detects reordered frames Detects reordered frames Detects missing or repeated frames Detects missing or repeated frames Detects inserted/substituted frames from another track file Detects inserted/substituted frames from another track file Detect changes of any adds, deletes or changes to bits within the ciphertext Detect changes of any adds, deletes or changes to bits within the ciphertext

59. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Source/Encrypted KLV Triplets

60. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Internal Structure of ‘Encrypted Source Value’ Item Source Value Plaintext Offset Source Value Chk IV Pad 16 bytes 16 bytes Integer multiple of 16-bytes Source Length Encrypted Source Length Integrity Crypto info … Encrypted Source Value Plaintext

61. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Recap Conclusion Digital Cinema Packaging Requirements Requirements Philosophy Philosophy Specifications Specifications Constraints – Spans One or More Specification Packing List – XML; What is in the Package Composition PlayList – XML; Playback Information Track Files – MXF Wrapped; Picture & Sound Subtitles – Work in Progress

62. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Recap Conclusion Digital Cinema Packaging – Related Work Digital Cinema Certificate – Secure DRM Digital Cinema Certificate – Secure DRM Encryption for Digital Cinema Encryption for Digital Cinema

63. Digital Cinema Summit, 17 April 2004 Thank You To Learn More www.smpte.org Engineering Committees DC28 Kevin Wines Kevin@winesco.com