1. Chinese People's Self-Construal and Their Social Participation in Beijing Olympic Games(BOG) Bing Wang Institute of Sociology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Beijing, China March 2, 2011 IRiSS, Stanford University

4. Contents I 、 Introduction II 、 Research hypothesis and design III 、 Method IV 、 Result V 、 Conclusion and Discussion

5. I 、 Introduction 1 、 Chinese people’s extensive participation in BOG 2 、 Three kinds of social participation 3 、 The boundary-permeated self

8. 2 、 Three kinds of social participation （ 1 ） authoritative participation （ 2 ） civil participation （ 3 ） government-motivated participation

9. Introduction government-motivated participation private benefits vs government ’ s request Self construal of Chinese people

10. 3 、 The boundary-permeated self （ 1 ） Existed theory on the self （ 2 ） The boundary-permeated self

11. Existed theory on the self Independent self and interdependent self (Markus & Kitayama,1991 ） Self-contained individualism and ensembled individualism (Sampson, 1988 ) “The differential mode of associations” (Fei, 1947/1992)

12. The boundary-permeated self Figure 1 The boundary-permeated self a structure of concentric circles the permeability of the boundary higher or lower on moral development level The boundary-permeated self include or exclude other people self as an agent The boundary-permeated self

13. The public The private the family self the national self the world self Figure 2 A three-level representation of the boundary-permeated self

14. II 、 Research hypothesis and design 1 、 Hypothesis 2 、 Research design

15. (1 ） For individuals with high permeable boundary, the extent of participation before and during BOG would depend on their level of patriotic sentiment. (2) For individuals with low permeable boundary, the level of patriotism would not affect their participation in the BOG. 1 、 Research hypothesis

16. 2 、 Research Design Patriotic sentiment The boundary- permeated self High vs low The boundary- permeated self High vs low Participation More vs less Participation More vs less

17. （ 1 ） Independent variable: Patriotism （ 2 ） Moderate variable ： the boundary-permeated self （ 3 ） Dependent variables ： two attitude indicators: individual focus / national focus one behavior indicator: BOG Participation

18. III 、 Method 1 、 Respondents 2 、 Measurement 3 、 Research procedure

19. Quota sampling 1 、 Respondents

20. 1 、 The patriotism scale (  =.88) 2 、 The boundary-permeated self scale (  =.84) 3 、 The involvement scale --The BOG individual focus scale (  =.79) --The BOG national focus scale (  =.83) --The BOG participation scale (  =.89) Measures 2 、 Measurement

21. 1 、 The patriotism scale (example) Seeing that the Chinese athletes won a lot of gold medals in this Olympic Games made me feel proud of the Chinese people. I felt extremely proud when I saw our national flag was raised in the Olympic stadiums.

22. 2 、 The boundary-permeated self scale (example) It is sometimes necessary to think about personal gains (or losses) when conducting public business. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between public and private matters.

23. 3 、 The BOG individual focus scale （ example ） (to involve into BOG, since I can……) find an opportunity to make money get close to some celebrities

24. 3 、 The BOG national focus scale （ example ） (to involve into BOG, since I can……) contribute to a big event of China cheer for the Chinese athletes in close distance on sites

25. The BOG participation scale （ example ） Olympic volunteering services organized by the place where you work Olympic volunteering services organized by the community

26. 3 、 Research procedure —training the interviewers

27. 3 、 Research procedure —one of the survey communities

28. 3 、 Research procedure —knocking the respondents’ door

29. 3 、 Research procedure —interviewing

30. 3 、 Research procedure —checking the questionnaires

31. IV 、 Result （ 1 ）

32. IV 、 Result （ 2 ）

33. Figure 3. The interaction effects of patriotism and boundary- permeated self on BOG national focus and BOG participation. IV 、 Result （ 3 ）

34. Summary of results(1) Patriotism correlates positively with BOG national focus and BOG participation behavior, but it does not correlate with BOG individual focus For respondents with high permeability of self boundary, their BOG national focus and BOG participation behavior become more positive as their patriotism increased

35. Summary of results(2) However, for respondents with low permeability of self boundary, their BOG participation behavior does not significantly increase as a function of patriotism, although their national focus does. Thus, the boundary-permeated self could moderate the links between patriotism and BOG national focus and participation.

36. V 、 Conclusion and Discussion Main conclusion The practical implication The theoretical implication

37. Main conclusion Beijing Olympic Games has evoked extensive social participation among Chinese people This social participation is a kind of government-motivated participation This kind of government-motivated partipation is mainly based on the self- construal of Chinese people, ie “the boundary-permeated self” The boundary-permeated self could moderate the links between patriotism and BOG national focus and participation.

38. The practical implication The strategy for Chinese government in mobilizing people

39. The theoretical implication Revealing the psychological mechanism of government- motivated participation among Chinese people Conducting further theoretical thinking related with the boundary-permeated self, interdependent self, and relational self

40. Thank All of You for Your Attention ！