1. Classic Chem If I wanted to bond, could I? 9-12 Science Std: Chem 2a

2. Previously, on “Chem is Fun” Review from beginning: Started with Atom The parts The electrical charges The orbitals Valence Electrons

3. Previously, on “Chem is Fun” Review from beginning: Valence electrons Outer shell… Electrons that bond….

4. Previously, on “Chem is Fun” Review from beginning: How many there are…. Working with table… Count from left… 345678 12 Or look at column number

5. Previously, on “Chem is Fun” Review from beginning: Sharing electrons Covalent, Polar Covalent and Metallic

6. Previously, on “Chem is Fun” Review from beginning: Taking / Giving Electrons Ionic Bonds held by Electrostatic Forces

7. Not all atoms can bond It depends on the number of valence electrons Imagine if you will….. This building has 8 apartments / floor …..An apartment building “Eight is Great”

8. Not all atoms can bond Each floor of the apartment is an element or atom The Number of full or empty “apartments”…. …is important to the “landlord” atom Valence electrons live in the apartments….

9. Not all atoms can bond When atoms bond… Atoms work together to move electrons So that each atom has either… …an empty or full floor from “apartment” to “apartment”

10. Not all atoms can bond When atoms bond… If they can’t fill or empty a floor The atoms don’t want to bond

11. Here’s how it works…. An atom with 2 valence electrons Wants to Bond with an atom with 6 valence electrons Atoms aren’t happy – floors aren’t empty or full

12. Here’s how it works…. This atom takes its electrons And moves them to the other atom Now both atoms are happy and can bond

13. Here’s how it works…. This is called the “rule of eight” Or the “Octet Rule” Remember – “Eight is Great”

14. Here’s how it works…. If the atom can’t fill or empty the floor… The Octet Rule isn’t followed… And the atoms don’t want to bond

15. Here’s an example An atom with 3 valence electrons Comes near an atom with 5 valence electrons Will these atoms bond?

16. Here’s an example This atom moves its 3 electrons Into the 3 empty places in this atom And the atoms will get together and bond Yes!

17. Another example: An atom with 2 valence electrons Sees an atom with 5 valence electrons Will these atoms bond?

18. How could they bond? Move the electrons and this atom is happy… Where could they get it? But this atom still needs one for the Octet Rule A 3 rd Atom with one electron

19. Bonds with more than 2 atoms You bring in a 3 rd atom with 1 valence electron And both atoms move their electrons Now all 3 atoms have met the Octet Rule And all 3 atoms will bond together!

20. Does this work the other way? Will an atom with 5 valence electrons Move those 5 to an atom with only 3? It is easier to move 3 electrons than 5 No – 3 electrons will move to the atom with 5

21. How about this one… You have an atom with 4 valence electrons.. It wants to meet the Octet Rule to be happy So it looks for atoms to bond with

22. How about this one… It sees 2 other atoms with 2 valence electrons Will it bond with these 2 atoms? Yes! The 2 electrons from the new atoms will move to the atom with 4 The Octet Rule is satisfied for all 3 atoms!

23. How do you figure out how many You have an atom with 6 valence electrons… And an atom with 1 valence electron Will 1 of each atom bond? No – they don’t meet the Octet Rule

24. How do you figure out how many What is needed to meet the Octet Rule? I need 1 more atom with 1 valence electron Then they have all 8 (or no) valence electrons… And all 3 will bond together

25. One more situation… You have an atom with 8 valence electrons It sees atoms with 1 and 2 valence electrons Will the atoms bond? No!

26. One more situation… The first atom has 8 valence electrons It already meets the Octet Rule The other 2 atoms don’t have enough to either fully fill or empty their 8 So they won’t bond

27. One more situation… What group of atoms have 8 valence electrons? The Noble Gases (group 18) Because these atoms have all 8 valence electrons… They don’t bond (react) with other atoms

28. One more situation… That is why the Noble Gases don’t react They are monatomic atoms The hermits of the Periodic Table

29. So now it is time for practice You have a worksheet in front of you….

30. So now it is time for practice Knowing what you know about the Octet Rule… Fill in columns 2, 4, 5 and 6 of this table

31. So now it is time for practice Knowing what you know about the Octet Rule… For extra credit, fill in the information in Column 7 (see example)

33. Your Homework….. Finish your Octet Rule Worksheet