1. Joining Metals

2. Bolting Non Permanent Joining
A Bolt is a threaded fastener that passes through the work piece and is held in place by a nut on the other side. This is a very common way of holding together temporary and permanent constructions

3. Self Tapping Screws Non Permanent Joining
A Self-tapping screw has a sharp thread
and that cuts its own thread, it is often used
To join thin sheet metal and plastics

4. Riveting Semi Permanent Joining
The tools used when riveting are the Rivet Set & Snap and a Ball Pein Hammer
Rivets are available in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and Materials
Another traditional method of joining metal is Riveting. This process is classed as semi permanent in so far as the rivets can be drilled out and the product disassembled

5. Pop Riveting Semi Permanent Joining Pop Rivet Gun Pop Rivets
A Pop Rivet is a quick method of joining sheet metal together. This process is often used to join sheet material to a hollow tube.

6. Using The Pop Rivet Gun

7. Lazy Tongs
This is an alternative to the pop rivet gun. Lazy Tongs are much easier to use when fitting a lot of rivets.

8. Welding Permanent Joining
Welding is a joining process that involves heating both work pieces up to melting point. Commonly, work pieces are welded by melting them and adding more molten metal to form a pool that cools to form a strong joint.
The heating of the metal can be a achieved a number of ways- Electricity, Gas or Friction
The picture on the right shows Electric Arc Welding

9. Spot Welding Permanent Joining
Spot welding is principally used as a method of joining sheet steel. The process is used extensively in the Automobile industry where the spot welding process can be automated with the aid of robots. Spot welding can be undertaken in the school workshop (on a much smaller scale) as follows.

10. Brazing Permanent Joining
Brazing is a process suitable for joining pieces of mild steel (ideally of similar thicknesses). The process relies on the use of a brass filler rod which, when molten, is drawn by capillary action into the small gaps between the two pieces if steel.
This method of joining metals uses very high temperatures (around 900 C) and produces a strong joint with minimum distortion of the original work pieces

11. Epoxy Resin adhesive Permanent Joining
Epoxy resin adhesives are generally two part adhesives (Adhesive & Hardener) When mixed they can be used to bond most materials. Typically Wood, Ceramics, Glass, Metals, Rubber, Fabric, Leather and most Hard Plastics.

12. The End