1. The Nervous system & the endocrine system
Mrs. Hensley
Ap psych

2. What are the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions?
The nervous system IS AN INTEGRATED NETWORK
Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord are located in the center of the body
Peripheral nervous system: fingers and toes lie in the outermost areas of the body from the center, or the periphery of the body
Somatic Nervous system: volunteer work is done by choice, so the body’s voluntary actions are controlled by this nervous system
Autonomic nervous system: autonomic sounds similar to the word automatic, and the body’s automatic actions (breathing, heartbeat, etc) are controlled by this nervous system
Autonomic nervous system is a key player for emotions, stress, and health.
(refer to pg. 59)

3. Figure 3A.7 The functional divisions of the human nervous system
© 2010 by Worth Publishers

4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems together make an opponent process system.
Sympathetic: causes the body to rise to the challenge it faces (arouses and expends energy)
Parasympathetic: causes the body to calm after the challenge has been addressed (conserves energy, calms)
The opposition creates homeostasis-balance in the body

5. central NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN ENABLES HUMANITY-THINKING, FEELING, AND ACTING
Brain’s neurons cluster into work groups-neural networks
Spinal cord is an information highway connecting the peripheral nervous system to the brain
The brain processes the sensory info & decides what to do
Sensory info enters the body through receptor cells
Motor nerves receive commands from the brain and react

6. Have you ever jerked away from a hot surface only to feel the burn after a delay?
Interneurons make reflexes happen
These cells in the spinal cord process motor responses quickly to protect the body from harm
(without interneurons, you would experience severe burns in you left your hand on the hot surface long enough to process both the heat and the pain before jerking away!)

7. Figure 3A.10 A simple reflex
© 2010 by Worth Publishers

8. The endocrine system
Endocrine system’s glands secrete hormones (chemical messengers)
Influence our interest in sex, food, aggression
Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmitters
Refer to pg. 63
the hypothalamus is the control center of the endocrine system. The hormones of the adrenal glands are described in the text. Others are described here:
1. The anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone. Too little produces dwarfism; too much results in gigantism. 2. The posterior pituitary secretes vasopressin (in addition to oxytocin), which constricts blood ves - sels and raises blood pressure. 3. The thyroid releases thyroxine and triiodothyro - nine, which increase metabolic rate, growth, and maturation. 4. Attached to the thyroid, the parathyroids release parathyroid hormone (parathormone), which increases blood calcium and decreases potassium. 5. The pancreas secretes insulin, which regulates the level of sugar in the bloodstream by increasing entry of glucose to cells (see also Unit 8A). 6. The ovary secretes estrogen, which promotes ovu - lation and female sexual characteristics. 7. The testes release the androgens, which promote sperm production and male sexual characteristics.

9. Figure 3A.11 The endocrine system
© 2010 by Worth Publishers

10. Neurotransmitters vs hormones
Hormones and neurotransmitters are the same
Only differ on where they are manufactured and located
Neurotransmitters are manufactured in neurons and located in the nervous system
Hormones are manufactured by glands and based in the body and bloodstream