1. Antibiotics Ch 37

2. Definition Medications to treat bacterial infections Ideally, culture of suspect area should be done BEFORE starting antibiotic

3. Classifications Sulfonamides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Macrolides Aminoglycosides Quinolones

4. Uses Treatment of exisiting infection Prevention of infection

5. Responses Therapeutic – decrease in s/s of infection Subtherapeutic – s/s of infection do not improve Superinfection Antibiotic resistance Allergic reactions

6. Actions Bactericidal = kill bacteria Bacteriostatic – slow or interfere with growth of bacteria

7. Sulfonamides Bacteriostatic Treat: utis Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) URIs Otitis media Often in combinatiion Bactrim, Septra, Pediazole, Gantrisin

8. Sulfonamide Side Effects Anemia, thrombocytopenia Photosensitivity Avoid tanning beds Avoid sunlight N-V-D uriticaria

9. Penicillins Natural Penicilllin G Penicillin V Aminopenicillins Amoxicillin Ampicillin Penicillinase-resistant Oxacillin Nafcillin

10. PCN Adverse Effects Allergy Rash, swelling, itching

11. Cephalosporins Semisynthetic Related to penicillin Bactericidal 4 generations

12. Cephalosporin Uses Surgical prophylaxis URIs Otitis media

13. Cephalosporin Examples Ancef Kefzol Mefoxin Ceftin Rocephin – also used to tx meningitis

14. Cephalosporin Side Effects Similar to PCN

15. Macrolides Erythromycin Zithromax Biaxin

16. Macrolide Uses Strep infections Mild-to-moderate URIs Lyme disease STDs

17. Macrolide Side Effects GI N-V-D Hepatotoxicity Flatulence anorexia

18. Tetracyclines Tetracycline Vibramycin Minocycline Bacteriostatic action

19. Tetracycline Uses Syphilis Lyme disease Pleural & pericardial effusions

20. Tetracyclines Effectiveness reduced by Dairy products Antacids Iron Will discolor teeth May slow fetal skeletal development

21. Tetracycline Side Effects N-V-D Superinfection Pseudomembranous colitis

22. Aminoglycosides Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin amikin

23. Aminoglycosides Poor oral absorption No oral forms, only IV TOXICITY cautions Nephro oto Bactericidal action

24. Aminoglycosides Pseudomonas E.coli Klebsiella Often used along with other antibiotics

25. Quinolones Cipro Floxin Levaquin Tequin

26. Quinolones Excellent oral absorption Antacids interfere with absorption bactericidal

27. Quinolones Lower respiratory tract infections Bone & joint infections Infectious diarrhea UTIs Skin infections STDs Anthrax

28. Quinolone Side Effects HA N-V-D Allergic reaction

29. Others Vancomycin Tx of MRSA Must monitor blood levels Caution: oto & nephro-toxic

30. Nursing Instruct pt to take meds for full length of time – do not stop when feeling better Assess for s/s of superinfection All oral antibiotics are better absorbed if taken with a minimum of 6 – 8 ounces of water