1. Presented by: The Student Chapter of the American String Teachers Association at Sacramento State University Rhythm: First Steps As described in the Strings Magazine article by Judy Weigert Bossuat.

2. Rhythm as Concept Grade-school children can assign numeric values to symbols. These symbols can include music notation. Understanding the concept of rhythm does not guarantee that a child will know what to do physically with his or her instrument 1 2 3 1 23

3. Rhythm as Action Rhythm in Action Goals: Introduce and cultivate a steady sense of rhythmic pulse. Introduce rhythmic values for written notes and rests. Do all of the above with many children as quickly as possible with maximum success rates.

4. Step 1: Make rhythm a physical action Children march in time Add left hand Strong beats are clearly marked! View Children March in Time movieChildren March in Time movie

5. Step 2: Right hand “reads” rhythm “Notes” are played by the right hand tapping the right leg. Rests are played by tapping the chest.

6. The right hand stays on the right leg for the duration of the note or on the chest for the duration of the rest. This helps students learn that they must count through rests as well as the notes. These are the first steps to introducing beat subdivision as a physical practice, not just a concept.

7. Step 3: Start with large note values and progress gradually to smaller values

8. Step 4: Use exercises that mix up the note values that the student has learned Whole notes + Half notes Half notes + Quarter notes

9. Example: Simple Rhythm with quarter notes and rests View the Quarter Notes and Rests movie.Quarter Notes and Rests movie This is Chinaly’s first day doing these exercises.

10. As the students progress to smaller and smaller note denominations, rhythms get more and more complicated

11. Concert Rhythm Performed December 17, 2007

12. Try it!

13. Concert Rhythm By: Mr. Stanley and Austin View the Concert Rhythm movie performed by Mr. Stanley and Austin.Concert Rhythm movie

14. At this point, you can easily introduce time signatures! Students have an externalized sense of beat which will lead soon to an internalized pulse. Students can recognize note values in terms of beats. Students are ready to organize beats into measures.

15. Step 5: Apply rhythm exercise to actual music! Introduction to actual music reading. Clarify that the lines and spaces do not change the rhythmic value of a note. Now the student is ready to learn to read pitches…

16. Rhythm: First Steps REVIEW Directs students to concepts including beat subdivision, rest value and note value equality, ensemble counting as well as playing and rhythmic “body awareness”. Acts as an easy and effective transition to reading printed music. Significantly reduces rushing in students of any ability.

17. Rhythm: First Steps REVIEW Aids reading comprehension by breaking music-reading down into two parts; rhythm and pitch. Should be used by any level student experiencing rhythmic reading problems or an advanced player who isn’t rhythmically consistent. Especially for beginners and young children, it provides a break from holding their instrument.

18. “Playing a string instrument is physical, and we want our kids to feel the rhythm in their gut!” (Judy Weigert Bossuat)

19. Brentt Rhythm Piece from: Rhythmic Training by: Robert Starer View the Brentt Rhythm MovieBrentt Rhythm

20. Rhythm: First Steps Presented by: California State University, Sacramento String Project Student Teachers, members of the Student Chapter of the American String Teachers Association at the American String Teachers Association Conference in Albuquerque New Mexico, March 2008.