1. Workmanship Requirements Compliance
KM, LO and LL at GSFC
February 12, 2007
Workmanship Requirements Compliance
Jeannette Plante
Project Lead
Bldg 32, Rm E110D
I am the CKO here at Goddard, but my task is to help Goddard be a learning organization.
Edward W. Rogers

2. May be design or process driven or non-compliancy with requirements
Generic View of Workmanship
Visually-verifiable, unintended features, may prevent performance or reliability
May be design or process driven or non-compliancy with requirements
Design error?
No pre-assembly inspection requirements?
Manufacturing process uncontrolled?
Loose tolerance on dimensional requirements?
No debris requirements?

3. Workmanship in High Reliability Electronics
Thru-hole connector pins (cPCI)

4. NASA GSFC Workmanship Scope
KM, LO and LL at GSFC
February 12, 2007
NASA GSFC Workmanship Scope
PWB Design (Layout)
PWB Manufacturing (Quality)
IPC-2221
IPC-2222
IPC-2223
IPC-2225
IPC A-600
IPC-6011
IPC-6012
IPC-6013
IPC-6015
IPC-6018
ANSI/ESD S20.20
GSFC-WM-001B
GSFC MAR (draft) 11/26/07
Polymeric Applications
Machine Soldering (SMT)
Hand Soldering
Electrical Cable Harness
Optical Cable Harness
ESD
Conformal Coating
NASA-STD w/ch3
Staking
NASA-STD w/ch1
NASA-STD w/ch4
NASA-STD w/ch1
Bonding
J-STD-001xS
IPC/WHMA-A-620AS
Encapsulation
KM is an organizational reliability problem. NASA is a matrixed organization. We reach into Engineering, Safety and Project mgmt to assemble a team that will execute a mission. Who we get on the team should not determine the success or failure of that team based on knowledge application. This moves KM down to the departmental level of responsibility. It cannot be an agency level function because no learning takes place at the agency level.
NASA-STD A
NPR NASA Quality Assurance Program Policy, Eff. 10/27/05
PWA’s, Cable Harnesses, ESD
Edward W. Rogers

5. Compliance With 8739 Series Workmanship Standards
Electrical Engineers
Packaging Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
When left ONLY to operators and inspectors, Workmanship Standards compliance is not likely (unless number of applicable processes are very, very low)
Non-compliances are in the “built-in” stages of Design which are difficult to change later and causes costly scrap.
Design
Fabrication Process Control
Inspection Requirements (Observable Defects)
Packaging Engineers
Process Development Engineers
Materials Engineers
Operators
Process Development Engineers
Operators
Inspectors

6. Design Rule/Requirement
Examples of Workmanship Design Requirements
50 included in NASA Workmanship Standard Series
Design Rule/Requirement
Standard
The use of new interconnect materials and technologies must be validated through testing and accept/reject criteria must be established for quality inspection. Special handling or processing conditions associated with material selected must be documented in the assembly instructions.
Poly Apps
Cable Harness Fiber Optic
High strength copper alloy is required for wire gauges of 24 AWG and higher. Wires of size 24 AWG and larger are preferred.
Cable Harness
Staking materials and locations must be defined on the engineering documentation
Fiber Optic
Conformal coating material must be defined. Conformal coating materials with a fluorescent indicator are preferred
Bonding material and bonding locations must be defined on the engineering drawings. Bond line requirements must be defined. For thermal joints, acceptable voiding criteria must be defined.
Materials and processes must meet performance, compatibility, contamination, and reworkability requirements. Process controls must be put in place to ensure acceptable solder joints when design features drive partially or fully hidden solder joints. Material shall meet project outgassing requirements.
Soldering
Fiber Optics
Staking material selected must be electrically insulative, shall not negate stress relief features.
Conformal coating maskant material and areas to be masked on PCBs must be defined
Exceptions to the requirement to stake all fastener heads must be recorded on the engineering drawings.
Demoisturizing conditions for PWAs prior to polymeric applications (time, temperature, ramp rates) must be defined
Minimum spacing between non-common conductors must be defined [to support inspection requirements].

7. Manufacturing Rule/Requirement
Examples of Workmanship Fabrication Process Control Requirements
29 included in NASA Workmanship Standard Series
Manufacturing Rule/Requirement
Standard
Work orders or Travelers must establish each inspection point and a method for data collection.
Cable Harness
Manufacturing production area environmental conditions must be controlled (temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting). For field operations considerations must also be given to controlling the work environment.
Vinyl dust caps shall not be used for flight applications.
Fiber Optic Cable
Requirements apply for calibration of tools and equipment and proper selection and control of tools to protect the hardware.
Repairs require prior project quality authorization. [Applies to in-house production and contracted suppliers.]
Polymeric Apps
Materials and material lots must be validated and approved
Fixturing used for controlling device placement during bonding processes must be defined on assembly drawings
PWA demoisturizing conditions must be defined on the assembly drawings including temperature ramp rates.
For thermal joints, the bond line must be inspected by engineering.
Engineering drawings must specify when vacuum-degassing is also required after application of the encapsulation
Engineering drawings must specify when components must be underfilled prior to encapsulation.
Major changes to materials used for reproducing a pre-existing design must be validated prior to use.
Soldering
A controlled cooling process, if used in the soldering process, must be documented.
Stress relief shall be built into wires soldered to terminals. Service loop requirements may also apply.

8. Design-related Workmanship Issues
Operators must be provided drawings and documented procedures, with complete information about materials, how to prepare assembly prior to applying, how to apply, where to apply and safety.
Special processes (not defined in 8739 series) must be tested and nailed down (CM) in advance. Test vehicles should be used to validate special processes, not qualification units. Qual units contain high dollar value EEE parts and should be demonstrating performance margin, not proving out R&D concepts. Accept/reject inspection criteria must be defined for inspection of Qual units.
Inspection criteria must be defined and documented for inspectors for special processes. If 8739 criteria will be “borrowed” for this purpose, that must be stated explicitly. Referencing “NASA-STD-8739.x Inspection Criteria” is not enough.

9. Examples of Special Processes
Column Grid Array/Ball Grid Array Attach
Chip on Board
Special Solders: In, Pd, Pt, Au, Ag
Stacked Substrates
Examples of Special Processes Outside of Workmanship Purview
Qualification of EEE Parts e.g. connectors, magnetics
Multi-chip Modules: EEE Part, See Hybrid Microcircuits
Optical assemblies
Microwave Assemblies
Approval is at the Project Level ONLY. Cross-GSFC approval process being explored. Also may be useful to NCAS process.

10. Log#: COCORP01
Date: 9/12/08
Type: Alternate Process
Applicable NASA Workmanship Standard: NASA-STD w/ch 4
Title/Description: Crimping of Contacts and Splices, Non-standard
Proposal References: COCORP Procedure E , para , ,
NASA Requirement Reference: , , a,
Attachments: COCORP Qualification Data Report
Proposal:
1. use these words or value instead of the standard words or values.
2. use these process steps
3. use these inspection criteria
Assessments:
1. Accept. The use of the additional strain relief mitigates risk from not having the one described in the NASA standard.
Approval:
Accept 
Reject
Requires Project MRB Approval
Inconclusive
Recalled
Approval Caveats and/or Limitations
Notice: Regardless of the method used, standard, non-standard, or pre-approved via this process, all repairs require review and approval via an MRB, prior to implementation. Extreme application conditions may invalidate the suitability of this process or the standard processes described in the Workmanship Standards.
1. This process only applies to XYZ-plated wire conductors.
Preparer:
300
Date
Reviewer/Approver:
541 

11. Suppliers Who “Work to the NASA Workmanship Standards”
Must have translated the REQUIREMENTS in the standards into their shop floor procedures.
Must certify their in-house trainers (Level B Trainers), operators and inspectors.
Certification has four elements:
Training every two years (traceable to Level A at JPL or GSFC)
Vision Acuity including color differentiation tested every two years
Competency
Actively performing work with less than 6 months break (1 yr for Trainers).

12. Suppliers Who “Work to the NASA Workmanship Standards”
NASA Standards must be flowed to sub-tiers
Some small sub-tiers may not be compliant. Prime can modify training to only cover the processes used.
Verifying shop floor procedures contain all NASA Workmanship requirements: - Design and Process Control requirements may not be captured in shop floor documents.
- Requirements from five 8739 documents may fan out into many, many shop floor procedures. (current effort looking at 80+ documents)
- Project may not have the fortitude to carry out the gap analysis and risk management.

13. Electrostatic Discharge
NASA adopted ANSI/ESD S20.20 for NASA ESD Safety Standard in NASA-STD Retired. NASA confirms adoption following 2007 revision of S20.20
Conformance must be to ANSI/ESD S20.20
ANSI/ESD S20.20 Requires local implementation plan. NASA does not dictate add-on requirements to ANSI/ESD S20.20.
NASA Workmanship Project available for guidance to Projects and Suppliers.
NASA GSFC local implementation plan is GSFC-WM-001B. B revision leverages off of all existing NASA Center implementation plans. Plans to publish as a NASA Handbook. ONLY GSFC civil servants and on-site contractors must comply with GSFC-WM-001.

14. ESD Technical Issues
NASA & Industry standards were written on the assumption of that the operator would manually handle the parts (HBM)
The HBM Class O sensitivity rating (≤250V) not uncommon for new devices. New sensitivity levels such as C1, C2 being considered for low sensitivities.
Currently HBM does not simulate the actual processes in laboratory/assembly areas. There is a lack of understanding of CDM (triboelectric & inductive).
HMM (HBM+MM) is not properly covered by current standards (manual operations) and believed to be cause of some Class 0 devices failures.
Standard test equipment needs to reach into the GHz range to validate that the theoretical pulse for new models is occurring during the test. Device can have a worst-case operational mode for ESD robustness.
CDM-based Cable Charging model in development and critical for understanding NASA I&T environment threats

15. GSFC ESD Bench Certification Process
Code 300 team supports CSO’s and Lab Monitors who request bench certifications.
Certification team provides Lab Monitor with preparation package. Intent is also to reinforce concepts from Training.
Follow-ups done without prior request.
Requirements for temporary and permanent benches defined in GSFC-WM-001
Lab Monitors ultimately responsible for maintaining certification status. Code 300 certifies and revokes certification.

16. Printed Wiring Board Design and Manufacturing
IPC-2221, Generic
IPC-2222, Rigid Board Design
IPC-2223, Flex Board Design
IPC-2225, MCM-L (COB)
Contains Aerospace Appendix defining coupon analysis requirements and criteria. Includes requirements formerly found in GSFC S-312-P-003. Must specify “Class 3/A”.
Others, use Class 3
IPC-6011, Generic
IPC-6012, Rigid Board Quality
IPC-6013, Flex Board Quality
IPC-6015, MCM-L (COB) Quality
IPC-6018, Microwave
IPC-7095, BGA
Major contributions by JPL and MSFC

17. Ground Support Equipment
Interfacing parts will not create or be susceptible to early-life failure or failure in environmental testing environment.
J-STD-001 and IPC-A-610 allowed for GSE. These are “either/or” specifications. J-STD-001 preferred due to inclusion of process control requirements. IPC-A-610 caters to inspections-only users.

18. Process for Adopting and Maintaining Industry Standards for Workmanship
Document Adoption
Facilitate Use of New Document System
Achieve Meets-or-Exceeds Revision
Training Programs, Supporting Standards, and Supporting Requirements
Impact to Contracts and Quality Processes 2 1
Standards Lifecycle 3
React to Cross-Industry Change Proposals
Coordinate NASA-driven Changes

19. Status of Industry Standards for Workmanship
J-STD-001 Space Addendum (Soldering):
NASA Proposal included in Final Draft.
Ballot expected in last quarter of 2008.
CxP Workmanship Requirements adapted to carry requirements in parallel (doc in coordination).
IPC will allow Space-only Training program and adapted training programs for companies performing limited processes. Training slides in production.
IPC-A-620 Space Addendum (Harness Mfrg): Initial draft near ballot. Formal NASA gap analysis in process.
Qtrly IPC coordination meetings
Widespread & Consistent Usage 2 1
ANSI/ESD S20.20: Implementation Plan for Cross-Agency Use (content complete)
Ensure Cohesive Implement-able Requirements Set
Standards Lifecycle 3
ANSI/ESD S20.20: Examining requirements for tools, gloves, cables, new discharge models.
Document Stewardship

20. Highlights Review
Workmanship requirements flow from NASA HQ to Programs, Projects, Suppliers and Sub-Tier Suppliers
Workmanship includes: polymeric applications, soldering, cable harnessing, fiber optic cables, ESD, printed wiring board design and quality.
Workmanship requirements include design, process controls, inspection requirements, personnel certification.
Special processes must be approved. Applicable inspection criteria must be identified.
Compliance to NASA Workmanship standards is very difficult to assess when company offers existing shop floor documents as “equivalent”
Each company must prepare and train to their own ESD implementation plan. They are free to “copy” GSFC-WM-001.
J-STD-001DS nearing adoption for soldering. IPC/WHMA-A-620AS starting path to adoption for cable harnesses.