1. Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Second Global Plan of Action for PGRFA Cairo 5-6 November 2014 The Second Global Plan of Action for PGRFA Stefano Diulgheroff Plant Production and Protection Division, FAO

2. Introduction

3. Set of internationally agreed priorities Adopted by FAO Council (Nov. 2011)

4. The first GPA Main reference for national, regional and global efforts to conserve and use PGRFA sustainably and to share equitably and fairly the benefits that derive from their use (and other sectors) Used to define priorities at the global level, to improve coordination of efforts and to create synergies among stakeholders Instrumental in reorienting and prioritizing the research and development agendas of relevant international organizations with regard to activities related to PGRFA Set the stage for the successful completion of the negotiation of the International Treaty on PGRFA

5. increasing population and urbanization increasing food insecurity climate change need for more sustainable agriculture need to safeguard diversity and minimize genetic erosion Major developments - challenges

6. Major developments - opportunities Advances in information/communication technologies biotechnology

7. Major developments - opportunities Policy environment: International Treaty on PGRFA Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020/targets Nagoya Protocol Renewed commitment to agriculture and related research and development activities

8. the Second GPA Addresses these new challenges and opportunities in its 18 Priorities Activities part of one package

9. the Second GPA vs GPA Second GPA: new challenges and opportunities for PGRFA that emerged since 1996. Greater emphasis on the sustainable use of PGRFA as a means to enhance food security in a changing environment.

10. … about climate change… Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies from 1880 (NASA) Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red (+2°C) and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue (-2°C).

11. … and global warming… Five-Year Global Temperature Anomalies to 2012 Higher than normal temperatures are shown in red (+2°C) and lower then normal temperatures are shown in blue (-2°C).

12. Implementation Second GPA implementation is an essential contribution to achieving the objectives of the International Treaty and of the CBD in the area of agricultural biodiversity and helps reach some key targets of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020

13. Implementation Second GPA implementation requires - - a concerted action at all levels, with all relevant actors (governments, local local and regional authorities, regional and international organizations, the scientific community, the private sector, indigenous and local communities, breeders and farmers) - a significant increase in PGRFA activities and adequate funding.

14. Implementation Efforts should come both from National Programmes and International cooperation (to complement and support national efforts in developing countries)

15. Implementation International cooperation -The implementation of the Treaty and the contribution of the Benefit Sharing Fund and Global Crop Diversity Trust are essential. - Additional sources of funding …

16. the Second GPA It calls for: Greater emphasis on in situ conservation of genetically diverse populations, especially CWR, to allow evolution to continue and thus permit the continued generation of adaptive traits

17. the Second GPA It calls for: A significant expansion of ex situ conservation to ensure the maintenance of diversity, including those adapted to extreme conditions and those from areas expected to be highly affected by climate change;

18. the Second GPA It calls for: Increased research and improved availability of information on the material held ex situ that will become useful under more sustainable production systems and new environmental conditions;

19. the Second GPA It calls for: More emphasis and support on building capacity in plant breeding and seed-systems that make effective and sustainable use of PGRFA;

20. the Second GPA It calls for: Greater attention to reduce genetic erosion and enhance on farm management and intra- and inter-specific diversity;

21. the Second GPA It calls for: Stronger national programmes, with increased involvement of and collaboration among all stakeholders, Ministries, farming communities, private sector;

22. the Second GPA Key messages are: Linking conservation with use Enhancing capacity at all levels Strengthening partnerships to conserve and use PGRFA Complementary and well coordinated conservation and use strategies

23. the Second GPA Sets the bases for the development and adoption of national policies, strategies and legislation for the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA

24. International cooperation In situ Conservation and Management (PA 1-4) 1. Surveying and inventorying PGRFA Toolkit for in situ conservation of CWR and on-farm management of local varieties Conservation and management of endangered locally adapted crop varieties (ALB) 2. Supporting on-farm management and improvement of PGRFA BSF-2 Participatory conservation & utilization of rice genetic resources for livelihood and food security (Bhutan) BSF-2 On-farm conservation and mining of local durum wheat and barley landraces of Tunisia for biotic and abiotic stresses, enhanced food security and adaptation to climate change (Tunisia) BSF-2 Conservación y manejo sostenible del germoplasma de papas nativas en las comunidades campesinas de la Provincia de Andahuaylas (Peru) BSF-2 Strengthening community-based on-farm conservation and sustainable use of crop diversity in semi arid Zambezi-Gwembe Valley of Zambia BSF-2 Improving livelihoods of local communities in semi arid zones of Malawi through on farm conservation and exploiting the genetic potential and seed production of yams, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet and cowpeas germplasm in mitigating climate change (Malawi)

25. 3. Assisting farmers in disaster situations to restore crop systems BSF-2 Establecimiento de una red preliminar de bancos comunitarios de semillas, en regiones vulnerables del país, para disponer de semillas en caso de desastres naturales (GTM) 4. Promoting in situ conservation and management of crop wild relatives and wild food plants GCDT – Millennium Seed Bank, Kew – collect CWR of 26 key crops, conserve them in genebanks, and prepare them for use in plant breeding programmes to breed new crop varieties adapted to changing climatic conditions. collecting targets identified based on gap analysis discussions on collecting initiated with Myanmar, Mozambique, Israel, Azerbaijan International cooperation In situ Conservation and Management (PA 1-4)

26. International cooperation Ex situ Conservation (PA 5-7) 5. Supporting targeted collecting GCDT – CWR TCPs - Azerbaijan Albania 6. Sustaining and expanding ex situ conservation - GCDT – 11 international genebanks supported - Genebank standards 7. Regenerating and multiplying ex situ accessions GCDT – regeneration project 22 crops 95,000 accessions 246 collections 86 institutes 77 countries 9 networks 74,410 regenerated 3,675 put in vitro 12,255 not viable Safety duplication 37,218 accessions 41 countries 12 not Treaty Party in process 10,000 accessions

27. International cooperation Sustainable Use (PA 8-12) 8. Expanding characterization, evaluation GCDT - 43 projects that evaluated 59 collections of 20 crops for some 143 traits of interest for climate change adaptation 9. Supporting plant breeding, genetic enhancement and base-broadening efforts Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building (GIPB) e-Learning Course on Pre-breeding GEF-Mainstreaming use and conservation of agro-biodiversity in public policies through integrated strategies in the Andean highlands in Ecuador GEF-Conservation and sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity to improve human nutrition in five macro eco-regions in Bolivia BSF-2 Use of genetic resources to establish a multi country program of evolutionary-participatory plant breeding (Syria, Iran, Jordan) 10. Promoting diversification of crop production and broadening crop diversity for sustainable agriculture An illustrated Atlas of African agro-biodiversity to raise awareness and understanding of the important role of promising and underutilized fruits and vegetables of tropical Africa BSF-2 Management, development and utilization of various crop plants for sustainable food availability (Indonesia)

28. International cooperation Sustainable Use (PA 8-12) 11. Promoting development and commercialization of all varieties, primarily farmers’ varieties/landraces and underutilized species BSF1 Promotion of income generation for smallholder farmers through the development of value added activities and by increasing market access (India, Peru, Kenya) Promotion of Traditional and Locally Adapted Varieties (Egypt, India, Peru, Senegal and Tanzania) e.g. reintroduced ambakkan cassava variety in Kerala; seed multiplication of cereal trad. varieties in Senegal; Peru potato multiplcation in the Potato Park and Reintroduction of Ex situ Material (Peru 410 accessions from CIP went back into cultivation) 12. Supporting seed production and distribution Support to seed systems and seed enterprises development and facilitating farmers’ access to highly performing varieties in Latin America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá y Belize + Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador ) and West Africa Preparation and/or review of seed policies and regulations (Afghanistan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Lebanon, Mauritania, Sierra Leone and Togo) Draft Guide for National Seed Policy Formulation Project for developing regulatory frameworks and capacities for the emergence of seed industries and the delivery of quality seed to small farmers (Tanzania, Ghana and Senegal)

29. International cooperation Building capacities (PA 13-18) 13. Building and strengthening national programmes NISM has led to the establishment/strengthening of national PGRFA committee in many countries Support countries in developing national strategies (Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, …) Guidelines to assist countries in preparing a national PGRFA strategy ITWG-7 and CGRFA-15. Seed policy and seed legislation guidelines are being prepared ITWG-7 and CGRFA-15 14. Promoting and strengthening networks Concept note on a global network for in situ conservation and on-farm management of PGRFA to raise awareness of the social and economic value of in situ conservation and on-farm management to promote knowledge sharing, capacity development and partnerships to improve coordination of on-going efforts (PA 13 and 14) BSF-2 Seven projects supporting the development of strategic action plans for climate change adaptation of key food crops 1.Bangladesh,Benin, Brazil, Ecuador, India, Guatemala, Malawi, Nepal, Nicaragua, Zambia, Zimbabwe; 2 Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Vietnam; 3. Sudan; 4. Brazil with partner applicants in: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba, Haiti e Mozambique; 5. Democratic People's Republic of Korea; 6. Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico; 7. Tunisia

30. International cooperation Building capacities (PA 13-18) 16. Developing and strengthening systems for monitoring and safeguarding genetic diversity and minimizing genetic erosion WIEWS - NISM Work on indicators under CGRFA and CBD 15. Constructing and strengthening comprehensive information systems GCDT – GENESYS and GRIN Global New WIEWS MCPD-2 17. Building and strengthening human capacity Most of the projects reported 18. Promoting and strengthening public awareness Most of the projects reported

31. Thank you Plant Production and Protection Division