1. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 1/19 PH-DT WP 11: DETECTOR COOLING Outline of the Talk WP mandate Human resources implicated 2009 investment Status and plans of projects (2010 – 2011) Ideal “White Paper” budget 2010 – 2011 Mid- & long-term perspectives

2. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 2/19 PH-DT WP 11 Mandate (June 2009) 1.Future (CO 2 ) Cooling Plants 1.1 Construction of a functional CO 2 “Proto-0” at Cryolab 1.2 Two-Phase flow in CO 2 : models and correlations 1.3 Design and construction of a standardized complete “portable” 2kW (?) unit 1.4 Process modeling and dynamic simulation 2.“On Detector” Thermal Management 2.1 Materials for thermal contact 2.2 Structural materials with high thermal conductivity 2.3 Local cooling through Micro-channels 3.Leak Search and in-situ Repair 3.1 From “leak rates” to “fluid loss” 3.2 Leak repair methods 4.New Instrumentation 4.1 Optical fibre-based Relative Humidity sensors (FOS) + Support to ATLAS and CMS cooling systems both on M&O and on specific R&D and refurbishment programmes Agreed with PH management and experiments + endorsed by DCP NOT COVERED IN THIS TALK

3. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 3/19 PH-DT Human Resources for General R&D (2009-10) NAMEPOSSTARTTIMEENDACTIVITIES DaguinFELLSep 0970%Aug 11  -channel cooling / Thermal materials / Engineering support DumpsSTAFJul 0920% -FOS / Thermal materials / Technical support GodlewskiSTAFOct 0930% -CO2 / Leak search & repair MapelliUSERJul 0990%…?  -channel cooling / Thermal materials MorauxDOCTNov 09100%Oct 12Process modeling / CO2 / Control support NoelSTAFOct 0960% -  -channel cooling / Technical support NoiteUPASJan 0990%…?CO2 NuessleUSERJul 09100%…  -channel cooling PetagnaSTAFJan 0985% - Coordination / FOS /  -channel cooling / Thermal materials TropeaSTAFOct 0940% -CO2 / Leaks search & repair ZwalinskiFELLOct 0950%Sep 11CO2 / Control support Effective total: 2.35 + 1.2 + 1 + 2.8 = 7.35 + External Post-docs and “stagiaires” (~ 3 / year) 1 Summer student (from June 2010) Jobs descriptions for trainees posted (2) Punctual use of technicians from ATLAS and CMS

4. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 4/19 PH-DT July 2009: Start of Activity 23% 31% 6% 17% 11% 12% New PH-DT cooling lab 4 – 5 experimental areas Temporary office space Small meeting space Instrumentation, test stand, DAQ White Paper expenditure 2009 - TOT: 109 kCHF (Material + subs. CERN personnel excluded)

5. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 5/19 PH-DT Equipment Available Flexible and complete NI-based DAQ system Miniaturized RTD and capacitive sensors for temperature and relative humidity measurement General lab equipment (precision scale, RH calibration salts, magnifying glass, etc…) A small portable dew point meter (Xentaur LTDP) A -70  C dew point dry air source Custom made temperature controlled environmental chamber connected to a gas mixer One ad hoc light attenuation interrogation/DAQ system for tip-coated optical fibre sensors (planned for substitution with a new wavelength interrogation/DAQ system for multiple FBG or LPG sensors in 2010). Two small water-glycol cooling units, each capable of few hundred Watts cooling power at -20  C. A large C6F14 cooling unit with cooling power in excess of 3kW @ -25  C and 6 bar head loss capacity, pressure-boosted up to 15 bars for reduced flow rates. Owned set of tools and components for piping, circuitry preparation and small electro-mechanical works. Programmable RTD and signal simulators for the commissioning of new PLC-based control loops. A high precision capacitive absolute manometer MKS “Baratron” An EdgeTech “Dewmaster DM-C1” hygrometer with a 3 stage Peltier-cooled chilled mirror head for precise absolute humidity reference down to dew points of the order of -75 ˚C Two Krohne Optimass Coriolis flow meters …

6. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 6/19 PH-DT Status of 4.1 (RH FOS) Test set-up complete Measurement principle proven One morphology of tip-coated SnO2 sensor validated Static and dynamic behaviour analysed between +20 and -20 °C 0.4 FTE Expenditure 2009: 18.5 kCHF Budget 2010: 48 kCHF Collaborations: TE/VSC, Napoli, Sannio (possibly Wuppertal to join?)

7. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 7/19 PH-DT Plans for 4.1 (RH FOS) Complete the characterization of SnO 2 refractometric (tip-coated) sensor with particular emphasis on reproducibility and T/RH calibration Launch the study of LPG-based multi sensors; Material investigated: SnO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and SW-CNT; Deposition techniques: Sol-gel (Sannio), Evaporation (CERN), Sputtering (CERN); K-contract in preparation Objective: full characterization of the sensor (including radiation hardness, reproducibility and production yield) by END 2010 Objective: Definition of the best suited coating, proof of feasibility of the deposition techniques by END 2011

8. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 8/19 PH-DT Status of 2.3 (  -channel cooling) 2.2 FTE Expenditure 2009: 12 kCHF Budget 2010: 5 kCHF Collaborations: Louvain, EPFL- LMIS4, EPFL-LTCM, (Several potential partners discussing) Test set-up complete Silicon-Pyrex prototypes produced Pressure burst tests ongoing Fluid dynamic calculations for geometry optimization Structural calculations for manifold dimension and wall thickness optimization

9. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 9/19 PH-DT Plans for 2.3 (  -channel cooling) Consolidation of the manifolds and  -channel design methods Optimization of the manufacturing technique (e.g. Pyrex thinning…) Feasibility of Silicon-on-Silicon fusion bonding technique Objectives:1) Well mastered design & production technique: END 2010 2) Sound and validated proposal for NA62 GTK: END 2010 Integration of cooling chip into GTK module Minimization of material in sensitive area Feasibility of evaporative CO2 heat transfer Objectives:1)  -cooling / GTK module integration: MID 2011 2) Reliable assessment on minimal material and CO2: END 2011 Preliminary engineering of configurations of potential SLHC interest (e.g. trigger layers, phase-2 PIX upgrades, etc): 2011 Partnership with CMOSAIC (EPFL, ETH, IBM & others: http://esl.epfl.ch/page78902-en.html) to study integration in 3D architectures: 2011

10. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 10/19 PH-DT Status of 1.3 (CO2 models and correlations) 0.5 FTE Expenditure 2009: 0 kCHF Budget 2010: 0 kCHF Collaborations: TE/CRG (CryoLab), Esslingen, EPFL-LTCM, + many institutes from experiments Application-driven tests ongoing in DT on pressure/temperature drop in long mini- pipes (straight and multi-bent geometry) Highly accurate base measurements ongoing at Cryolab on HTC and flow regimes in mini-pipes HTC and flow parameter test ongoing at Esslingen on long Ø12 mm pipes Data provided to EPFL-LTCM for model enhancement for CO2 applications

11. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 11/19 PH-DT Plans for 1.3 (CO2 models and correlations) Continue the activity throughout 2011 Act as a link between HEP laboratories and external institutes Create a database / repository of the produced information Disseminate good practice for test and design Interact with EPFL-LTCM towards optimized models for CO2 designers

12. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 12/19 PH-DT Status of 1.1 / 1.2 (CO2 plants) 1.1 FTE Expenditure 2009: 13 kCHF Budget 2010: 36 kCHF Collaborations: NIKHEF, EPFL- LTCM, TE/CRG (CryoLab) + many institutes from experiments The prototype of a new CO2 2PACL cooling unit (based on the LHCb VeLo system) is complete and tested for leaks All controls and monitors are cabled and commissioned Waiting for SC agreement for the final high- pressure (~100 bar) safety test in order to start warm operation Accumulator (needed for cold operation) in fabrication / qualification at NIKHEF (expected in few weeks) Constant analysis of the market for new components to appear, allowing for possible new solution

13. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 13/19 PH-DT Plans for 1.1 / 1.2 (CO2 plants) Launch full operation of the CO2 prototype Provide a test facility available for the experiments (piping, staves, etc) Test new components, verify / modify controls Make experience of use and train engineers and technicians Objectives:1) Test station available: SUMMER 2010 2) Operational life: EXTEND BEYOND 2011 Compact and simplify the design of the prototype into a standard “rackable” unit with 1-2 kW power @ -40 °C Procure components and assemble a first unit Objectives:1) Design of compact unit: END OF SUMMER 2010 2) First compact unit assembled: END 2010 (cost and delay time for accumulator to be verified) Procure or design and assemble a small (~ 100 W) unit, not necessarily “oil-free” Commission the unit and propose for wide distribution for small-scale tests Objective:Unit available for distribution: MID 2011

14. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 14/19 PH-DT Status of 3.1 / 3.2 (Leaks) 0.4 FTE Expenditure 2009: 0 kCHF Budget 2010: 40 kCHF Collaborations: TE/VSC, Krakow (Discussion ongoing with other potential partners for 3.2) Leak investigation: new enhanced rack for leak search including high precision absolute manometer and reference volume in assembly phase Leak quantification: old set-up previously used for work on translation of He leaks into liquid C n F 2n+2 loss being refurbished Remote leak repair: Test section to investigate the “fluid” proposed in assembly

15. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 15/19 PH-DT Plans for 3.1 / 3.2 (Leaks) ? Several “unconventional” methods of remote leak detection investigated at Krakow (k- contract in preparation). In particular the use of acoustic detectors Objective:Detailed report on methods for remote leak detection and analysis suited for HEP detectors: MID 2011 Extensive tests (fluid dynamics, chemistry, physics, geometrical compatibility, etc) on the proposed sealant agent (“Seal-Up”) both for water and for C n F 2n+2 circuits Objective:Detailed report of possibility of use of the sealant agent: END 2011 Investigation to find a partner to study more exotic (active) devices for remote leak repair ongoing…

16. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 16/19 PH-DT Status and Plans for 1.4 (Process Modeling) Move from Cryo experience (EN/ICE) and apply the technique to cooling systems Check validity of existing objects Modification of some components Integrate CO2 data from REFPROP and from LATEST ENHANCED MODELS Investigate new components –Condenser –Evaporator M i,j E i,j ρ i,j M i-1,j E i-1,j ρ i-1,j E i+1,j ρ i+1,j 0.8 FTE Expenditure 2009: 0 kCHF Budget 2010: 5 kCHF Collaborations: Grenoble, EN/ICE, EPFL-LTCM (possibly Krakow) Objective:Develop a dynamic simulator modeling the full process of the CO2 prototype END 2011

17. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 17/19 PH-DT Status and Plans for 2.1 (Thermal Materials) 1.0 FTE Expenditure 2009: 0 kCHF Budget 2010: 45 kCHF Collaborations: EN/MME, EPFL- LPMC, CNR-Napoli, experiments Launch activity on definition of new generation thermal adhesives Assumed benchmark: Al Technology ME7159 diamond-filled epoxy (~ 11 W/mK) Investigate SU-8 doping with diamond and with CNT’s (EPFL) Investigate doping of Araldite 2011 epoxy and of an RTV silicon with metal nano-wires, diamond nano-particles and CNT’s (CNR Napoli) Objective:Detailed reports on doping methodologies and obtained results with different adhesives: END 2011

18. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 18/19 PH-DT Allocation of “White Paper” Financial Resources 2009 : effective expenditure 2010 – 11 : “optimal” projection for fixed objectives Included: Equipment Material Consumables External collaborations Subsistence CERN Manpower not accounted for 4 x (projects 2009) + 40% Equipment 2009 + Travel / Training

19. DT Steering Board Meeting - April 30 th 2010 WP 11: Detector Cooling - Paolo Petagna 19/19 PH-DT Mid- & Long-Term Perspectives Relative Humidity FOS:Follow-up the engineering and industrialization of the selected sensor(s) Micro-channel cooling: Ensure full integration in the NA62 GTK module Engineer solutions of interest for SLHC (and ILC) CO2 cooling:Develop (and maintain?) laboratory cooling units (2 scales) Collaborate to future CO2 cooling plants for experiments Remote leak search and repair: long-term activity to be continued Process modeling:Develop a standardized tool for use in all experiment for commissioning, enhanced operation and training Thermal materials: Follow-up the engineering and industrialization of the selected solutions