1. What do the Jewish people believe in?
Warm-Up
What do the Jewish people believe in?

2. Compare And Contrast The Three Main Religions
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Compare And Contrast The Three Main Religions

3. Judaism

4. Vocabulary
Monotheism – Belief in one God.
Descendents – Family members

5. 1st Monotheistic religion in the world Over 4000 years old
About Judaism
1st Monotheistic religion in the world
Over 4000 years old
Started by Abraham and his decedents.
Worshiped a God named Jehovah / Yahweh
Symbol is the Star of David

6. Writings and literature
Torah – Name of religious writing. The first 5 books of the Bible.
Synagogue/Temple – Place of worship
Rabbi – Religious leaders
Sabbath – Religious observance day. All day Saturday.

7. What Jews Believe
Believe in one God, creator of the universe
Religious book is Torah
1st 5 books of the bible
Moses primary author
Includes 10 commandments

8. Torah
Religious book
1st 5 books of the bible
Moses primary author
Includes 10 commandments

9. Old Testament Characters
Adam and Eve – Creation story
Noah – Destruction of the earth
Abraham – Started Worshiping God Created the Nation of Israel
Moses – Saved Israellites from Egyptian slavery
David – Killed Goliath first king of Israel

10. Exit Questions 1. What is monotheism?
2. Who is responsible for starting the Jewish religion?
3. What is the Torah?
4. When is the Sabbath?
5. What are the 10 commandments?

11. Warm-Up What is religion?
Quiet!!! I can still hear you!!! Put away the paper you are going to throw!!! Don’t make him another one!!! I will right you up if you bother me again.

12. Hebrew / Jewish History
12 tribes make up Hebrew
Lived in Canaan modern Israel
Forced into slavery by Egyptians
Moses led them out of slavery (called Exodus)
Went back to Israel
Called Jews after largest tribe Judah

13. Judah and Modern Israel
David becomes king
Makes capital Jerusalem
Later King Saul builds the Temple
Both the Babylonian and Romans take over area
70 A.D. temple is destroyed

14. As a people, Jews are… A nation in Diaspora (dispersed)
15 – 16 million in worldwide population
United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice:
Orthodox:
Reformed (18th century Germany)
Conservative – moderates, response to reform

15. As a way of life, Judaism is based on…
613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”)
Dietary rules
Dress and other symbols
Prayer and devotion to the one God
The Temple and Temple rites
Observance of Holy days
Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc

16. How does Judaism sanctify time?
The Jewish Holidays:
High Holidays:
Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year)
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights”
Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus)

17. Jesus and Apostles were Jewish
Judaism & Christianity
Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it
Jesus and Apostles were Jewish
Jew believe Jesus was a prophet but not Messiah
Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come”

18. Exit Question 1. What is the Diaspora? 2. Name one Jewish holiday.
3. What do the Jewish people think about Jesus?
4. What is the symbol of Judaism?
5. What does “Chanukah” stand for?

19. What do Christians believe?

20. Christianity

21. Compare and Contrast The three Main Religions
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Compare and Contrast The three Main Religions

22. Christianity followers of Jesus began in Judea / Israel Leader Jesus
Enter Jesus
Christianity followers of Jesus
began in Judea / Israel
Leader Jesus
Born a Jew at about 4 B.C.
Parents, Mary & Joseph,
Lived in Nazareth.
Christians call Mary the Virgin Mary.
Christians believe Jesus is the “Son of God”

23. Many believe Jesus’ birth fulfilled a prophecy that a virgin would give birth to the Messiah
Jesus began his ministry in Galilee, north of Judea, when he was in his early 30’s.
The Gospels contain stories about his birth in the city of Bethlehem.

24. Life of Jesus Jesus attracted disciples / followers
preached, performed miracles, & criticizing the Jewish authorities.
Jesus preached about the coming of the Kingdom of God, meaning an eternally just and peaceful state of affairs.
Kingdom of God = heaven
Believed to be the “Son of God”

25. Easter Story
The Romans, who governed Judea, executed Jesus about A.D. 30 by crucifixion.
Later, his followers found his tomb empty and believed Jesus had risen from the dead.

26. Followers of Christ
Jesus’ disciples spread his teachings throughout the Roman Empire
organized churches.
New religion open to all and not just Jews

27. Exit Questions 1. What do Christians believe Jesus is?
2. What religion was Jesus?
3. How old was Jesus when he started his ministry?
4. How did Jesus die?
4. What happened to Jesus after his death that made people believe he was the Messiah?

28. Warm-Up
What event ended the life of Jesus?

29. Early Christians / Martyrs
The first Christians believed that Jesus would return soon,
They refused to honor Roman gods, which the Romans believed could anger the gods and thus endanger the empire.

30. Some Roman emperors had early Christians arrested, imprisoned, and even killed.
Some Christians welcomed the chance to become martyrs (individuals who suffered or died for their faith).

31. important Christian cities, include
Spread of Christianity
During the first century A.D., Christianity spread rapidly throughout the Mediterranean region.
important Christian cities, include
Alexandria, Egypt;
Antioch, in present-day Turkey;
Jerusalem, in present-day Israel;
Rome.

32. End of Persecution
313 Edict of Milan
Ends persecution of Christians
Religious tolerance throughout the empire

33. Writings of Christianity
Most early Christians accepted the books of the Jewish Bible as inspired by God and made them part of the Christian Bible.
They also added their own writings to the canon—that is, the official list of books of the Bible.

34. Facts about Christianity
Followers of Christianity are called Christians
approximately 2 billion Christians worldwide
Most Christians can be found in
Europe,
North and South America
Africa
holy book is called The Bible

35. The religious laws of Christians are called “Cannon Law”
The people who teach Christian beliefs are
Priests,
Ministers,
Pastors,
Bishops
The religious buildings of Christians are referred to as
Church,
Chapel
Cathedral
The holy Day (Sabbath) for most Christians is Sunday

37. Exit Questions 1. What region did early Christianity spread through?
2. What religion is the base of Christianity?
3. What areas are Christian in the world?
4. What is the holy book of Christianity called?
5. What are the laws of Christianity called?

38. Warm-Up
What does it mean to be Muslim?

39. Origins of Islam

40. Story of Prophet Mohammed
He was born to Arab parents from the tribe of Quraish, in Mecca.
The Quraish worshiped 360 gods. They believed these gods will get them closer to the God of gods (Allah).
His parents died very early.
He never worshiped Idols, drank Alcohol or lied.
He worked as a shepherd and then as a trader.
Known to people in Mecca as “the Honest”.

41. Story of Prophet Mohammed
Arab tribes had multiple wars with the prophet and Muslims.
Finally, victory was for Islam and Mecca fell into the hands of the prophet.
He forgave all his enemies and soon, his followers became in hundreds of thousands.
He died at the age of 63.

42. Spread of Islam
Following Mohammad’s death a series of Caliphs (religious political rulers) came to power
Muslim tribal armies spread out of Arabia to destroy and convert conquering Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Iran and establishing an Islamic empire.

43. Spread of Islam
From 661–750 the Islamic Empire pushed the boundaries of Muslim conquest as far west as Spain and east to the borders of India.
Islamic capital moved to Baghdad
Islamic thought, the arts, and literature were at their apogee.
the Mongols sacked the city of Baghdad in 1258

44. Monotheistic Allah is Arabic for God Used by Muslims
Allah – the one God

45. Exit Questions 1. Who is the founder of Islam? 2. Where was he born?
3. What did he do when he captured Mecca?
4. What is a Caliph?
5. What does Allah mean in Arabic?

46. Quran(Koran): The Holy Book
Original intact as given by the Prophet in Arabic
114 Chapters
Teaches what a Muslim must do

47. Profession of Faith (Shahadah) Prayers (Salah) Charity (Zakat)
5 Pillars of Islam
Profession of Faith (Shahadah)
Prayers (Salah)
Charity (Zakat)
Fasting ( Sawm)
Pilgrimage (Hajj)

48. Profession of Faith (Shahadah)
The Shahadah is the basic creed or tenet of Islam:
"I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah".
This is the most important pillar
Ideally, it is the first words a newborn will hear, and children are taught as soon as they are able to understand it and it will be recited when they die.
Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer

49. Prayers (Salah) Prayers (Salah)
Five Daily Prayers from Dawn to Late Evening regulate a Muslim’s day
Face Kabah, prayers in Arabic as taught by the Prophet.
Additional Prayers optional

50. Charity (Zakat)
Required 2.5% charity on yearly savings
A Muslim must be a charitable person
Removing a stone from the road is charity
Greeting with a smile is a charity

51. Exit Questions

52. Fasting (Sawm) Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar calendar
Daily dawn to sunset fast for 29/30 days (no food or drink)
Done to show sacrifice Mohammad made when he received his revelations
Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end

53. Pilgrimage (Hajj)
About 2-3 million Muslims perform Hajj each year from all over the world.
Every Muslim at least once in their life must make a pilgrimage to Mecca

54. Forbidden Food Meat of animals found dead blood
the flesh of swine (pigs)
Alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) and intoxicants (illegal drugs)

55. Forbidden in Islam Shirk: worshiping anybody/anything other than God.
Treating parents badly: not obeying there orders, speaking to them in loud voice even if they have a different faith. (Same as with your teachers)
murder, suicide.
Stealing.
Adultery, homosexuality.
Usury: Mortgage, credit card with interest, bank interest.
Gambling.
Treating neighbors badly even if they have a different faith.
Backbiting.

56. Behavioral aspects  Muslims should:
Love Allah, his messengers and the believers.
Be honest.
Be generous.
Visit the ill.
Help the weak.
Smile to others.
Be clean.
Remove dirt from the road.
Dress conservatively.

57. Exit Questions

58. World Muslims
1.2 billion, Muslims represent between 19.2% and 22% of the world's population.
One of every five persons in the world is a Muslim
Second largest religion in the world

59. World Distribution of Muslims
Africa
308,660,000
27.4%
Asia
778,362,000
69.1%
Europe
32,032,000
2.8%
Latin America
1,356,000
0.1%
North America
5,530,000
0.5%
World
1,126,325,000
100%
Source:  Britannica Yearbook

61. Not all Muslims are Arabs, Not all Arabs are Muslims
American Muslims
6 million
About 40% Afro-American
Not all Muslims are Arabs, Not all Arabs are Muslims

62. American Muslims 5.8 million Muslims in the USA
About 40% African Americans.
Not all Muslims are Arabs, Not all Arabs are Muslims.